Dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in blood and adipose tissue of Vietnamese from various locations in Vietinam in proximity to Agent Orange Spraying

Schecter, Arnold; Päpke, Olaf; Ball, Michael; Cau, Hoang Dinh; Dai, Liyi; Ming, Nguyen Quang; Quynh, Hoang Trong; Phuong, Nguyen Ngoc Thi; Phiet, Pham Hoang; Kim, Huynh; Vo, Dieu Thieu; Constable, John; Spencer, James H.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90117-a

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since no study has been done on the half-life of dioxins in Vietnamese men, we assumed a half-life for TCDD of seven years based on studies of U.S. veterans. 1 Schecter et al 6 reported that the TCDD level in the adipose tissue of former soldiers from the North collected in 1987−1991 was about 8.1 ppt. Since about three half-lives have elapsed since then, if the men were not exposed to dioxin after returning to the North, their level should be about 1 ppt, which is close to the average of 1.5 ppt found in serum in the present study.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Two decades later, TCDD levels in pooled blood samples still proved to be much higher in the South than in the North. 5,6 Also, TCDD levels in pooled adipose tissue from Hanoi of former North Vietnamese soldiers reached as high as 8.1 ppt, compared with 1.4 ppt in the general population pool from Hanoi in North Vietnam. 6 Moreover, other PCDD/F congeners in adipose tissues 7 and sediment samples 8 were also found to be higher in the South than in the North, which suggested that part of this difference may be due to atmospheric deposition generated by combustion sources.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Also, TCDD levels in pooled adipose tissue from Hanoi of former North Vietnamese soldiers reached as high as 8.1 ppt, compared with 1.4 ppt in the general population pool from Hanoi in North Vietnam. 6 Moreover, other PCDD/F congeners in adipose tissues 7 and sediment samples 8 were also found to be higher in the South than in the North, which suggested that part of this difference may be due to atmospheric deposition generated by combustion sources. The Hatfield Consultancy recently theorized that dioxin levels in former U.S. air bases, where the herbicide was spilled when applied by truck-mounted sprayers and also sprayed intensively around the perimeter, remain extremely elevated.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have been conducted on Vietnamese men who were directly sprayed or lived in herbicide-sprayed areas during the war and may continue to be exposed up to now. Previous studies quantifying dioxin in the blood of Vietnamese people often used pooled samples; ,, only a few studies used individual samples, because the analysis technique required volumes of blood as large as 100 mL, which are difficult to collect in Vietnam. Recently, with advancements in analytical techniques, we can now analyze dioxins in amounts of blood as small as 10 mL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Dioxin Levels in Vietnamese Men more than 40 Years after Herbicide Spraying

Manh

Kido

Okamoto

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Recent studies have found elevated dioxin levels inside some U.S. military former air bases in Vietnam, known as hotspots. Many studies of Agent Orange have been done in U.S. veterans; however, there is little known about Vietnamese men. In 2010, we collected blood samples from 97 men in a hotspot and 85 men in an unsprayed area in Northern Vietnam. Serum concentrations of not only TCDD but also other dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), and nonortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly higher in the hotspot than in the unsprayed area. In the hotspot, three subareas were demarcated, based on their proximity to the air base. The total toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs was 41.7 pg/g lipid in the area closest to the air base, while it was around 29 pg/g lipid in the other two subareas. In the unsprayed area, the dioxin levels were no different between men who went to the South during the Vietnam War and those who remained in the North, with TEQs PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs of around 13.6 pg/g lipid. Our findings suggested that people living close to the former U.S. air bases might have been exposed to both Agent Orange and other sources of dioxin-like compounds.

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Serum Dioxin Levels in Vietnamese Men more than 40 Years after Herbicide Spraying

Manh

Kido

Okamoto

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We analyzed nine 2,3,7,8-dioxin-like compounds that contribute most of the toxic equivalence (TEQ) instead of all the congeners and isomers. Investigations showed that seven of the nine analytes (2,3,7,8-TCDD/F, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and PCB 77, 126, and 169) account for 93% (SD 5.4%) of the total TEQ in reported human blood or plasma samples ( − ). Not needing to separate hexa- and hepta-congeners enabled us to run a sample within 16 min on a conventional GC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Screening Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and Non-Ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Biological Matrixes

Chen

Hass

Albro

2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We have developed a screening method for analyzing tetra-and penta-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (CDD/F), octa-CDF, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biological matrixes to reduce the cost and time of dioxin analysis. Spiked control Long Evans (LE) rat liver, adipose tissue, serum, placenta, and whole fetus were analyzed to validate the method and to determine the method detection limit (MDL). Mixed with formic acid, serum samples were extracted with n-heptane. Solid tissues were ground to powder with anhydrous sodium sulfate and were sonicated with acetonitrile; the supernate was passed through a C-18 cartridge, and analytes were eluted with n-heptane. A dual-column unit composed of 40% H 2 SO 4 -coated silicic acid and activated acidic alumina was used for further cleanup. The extracts after cleanup were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/ high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) using an isotope dilution technique. The method needed half the time and one-fifth the amount of organic solvents for sample preparation, compared to traditional liquid/liquid or Soxhlet extraction. The method also saved two-thirds of the time on GC/MS analysis. Sub-pg/g level of sensitivity was achieved using gram-sample quantities.

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Disposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and non-ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Pregnant Long Evans Rats and the Transfer to Offspring

Chen

Hamm

Hass

et al. 2001

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in blood and adipose tissue of Vietnamese from various locations in Vietinam in proximity to Agent Orange Spraying

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Serum Dioxin Levels in Vietnamese Men more than 40 Years after Herbicide Spraying

Serum Dioxin Levels in Vietnamese Men more than 40 Years after Herbicide Spraying

A Screening Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and Non-Ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Biological Matrixes

Disposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and non-ortho Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Pregnant Long Evans Rats and the Transfer to Offspring

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