Dinosaur gastralia; origin, morphology, and function

Claessens, Leon P. A. M.

doi:10.1671/a1116-8

Cited by 102 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A presença da gastrália em C. yacare pode ser considerada plesiomórfica para os tetrápodes, mas retida apenas em crocodilianos atuais e no tuatara (Sphenodon) onde é articulada, ou como parte do plastrão de quelônios, onde é imóvel (Claessens 2004, Vickaryous & Hall 2008. O termo "gastrália" em substituição a "costelas abdominais" (Reese 2000) foi utilizado para designar as ossificações dérmicas situadas na parede abdominal ventral, anexada ao púbis e ao esterno por ligamentos e incorporadas nas camadas superficiais do músculo reto abdominal.…”

Section: Bases óSseas Do Corte Aparasunclassified

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Bases ósseas e musculares dos cortes comerciais do tronco de jacaré-do-Pantanal (Caimanyacare Daudin, 1802)

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-O consumo de carne de jacaré-do-Pantanal tornou-se uma tendência de mercado e uma cadeia produtiva em ascensão no Estado de Mato Grosso, sendo 28,40% da carne comercializada nos últimos quatro anos oriundos do tronco. Estudos evolutivos, morfofisiológicos, ontogenéti-cos e tecnológicos foram desenvolvidos, mas não há descrição da musculatura e bases ósseas dos cortes comerciais. Objetivou-se descrever os músculos e correspondentes bases ósseas dos cortes filé de lombo, filé mignon e aparas. Na descrição óssea, utilizaram-se seis carcaças desossadas de exemplares juvenis de jacaré-do-Pantanal, além de um exemplar adulto, obtido por doação após óbito, do Zoológi-co da UFMT. Os ossos foram macerados em água corrente, clareados e descritos. Para a descrição muscular, 24 exemplares juvenis foram abatidos e esfolados, conservados em freezer e descongelados quando utilizados, sem qualquer fixação. Yacare Caiman meat consumption has become a marketing trend and a commodity on the rise in Mato Grosso state in Brazil. In the last four years, cuts from the trunk represented 28.40% of total meat sales. Although evolutionary studies, morphophysiological ontogenetic and technology research have been carried out, characterization of muscle and bone bases of cuts from the torso has not been previously reported. The aim of this research is to describe the muscles and corresponding bones related to sirloin, filet mignon and meat trims cuts. To describe the bones, we used six boned carcasses from juvenile Yacare Caiman, as well as an adult specimen, obtained by donation after death from the Federal University of Mato Grosso Zoo. The bones were macerated, bleached and their anatomical details recorded. In order to study the muscle, 24 juvenile specimens were obtained after slaughter and skinning and dissected on both sides. The sirloin cut consists of the semispinal, longissimus and iliocostalis muscles, which are inserted on thoracic vertebrae and ribs, as well as lumbar and sacral ribs. The meat trims cut is formed by latissimus dorsi, serratus, pectoral and abdominal (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus and rectus) muscles, based in various bones: bone ribs are the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral ribs, the gastralia, the sternum and epipúbis. The filet mignon cut is formed by the internal puboischiofemoralis cranial (sublumbar) muscle and by the troncocaudal (ventral surface of the pelvis) muscle.

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Section: Bases óSseas Do Corte Aparasunclassified

“…A variação no nú-mero de linhas gastraliais observada em C. yacare, também foi referida em Alligator mississippiensis. Há ainda variabilidade no número de elementos presentes em cada linha, podendo ocorrer fusão, distribuição assimétrica ou ausência dos elementos (Claessens 2004, Vickaryous & Hall 2008.…”

Section: Bases óSseas Do Corte Aparasunclassified

Bases ósseas e musculares dos cortes comerciais do tronco de jacaré-do-Pantanal (Caimanyacare Daudin, 1802)

et al. 2015

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“…Notably, the gastralia (imbricating slender ''belly ribs,'' Fig. 5) do not articulate solidly with other bony elements nor do they significantly invest the lateral body wall (Claessens, 2004b). Thus, in the absence of a bird-like ribcage, a dearth of space to accommodate fully avian sized abdominal air-sacs in the caudal body cavity or a skeletal mechanism to resist their paradoxical collapse, theropods were unlikely to have possessed functional bird-like abdominal air-sacs.…”

Section: Comparison With Extinct Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a means of ''cuirassal'' ventilation for dromaeosaurid theropods with a presumed early bird lung air-sac system has been proposed by several authors (Carrier and Farmer, 2000a;2000b;Claessens, 2004b;Codd et al, 2008). Supposedly, muscle-driven, horizontal rotation of the gastralia (imbricating slender ''belly ribs,'' Fig.…”

Section: Cuirassal Ventilation In Theropod Dinosaursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism would have relied upon two features of gastralia: their supposed ability to pivot on one another and the action of the ischiotruncus musculature pulling medially on the gastralia. However, numerous examples of broadly fused gastral elements exist in the theropod fossil record including tyrannosaurids, carnosaurids and dromaeosaurs (Lambe, 1917;Bonaparte et al, 1990;Currie and Zhao, 1993;Claessens, 2004b;Grellet-Tinner and Makovicky, 2006). Romer (1956) suggested that theropod gastralia reinforced the belly wall and supported overlying viscera, their sole function in extant crocodilians and Sphenodon.…”

Section: Cuirassal Ventilation In Theropod Dinosaursmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardio‐pulmonary anatomy in theropod dinosaurs: Implications from extant archosaurs

Quick

Ruben

2009

Journal of Morphology

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Although crocodilian lung and cardiovascular organs are markedly less specialized than the avian heart and lung air-sac system, all living archosaurs possess four-chambered hearts and heterogeneously vascularized, faveolar lungs. In birds, normal lung function requires extensive, dorsally situated nonvascularized abdominal air-sacs ventilated by an expansive sternum and specially hinged costal ribs. The thin walled and voluminous abdominal air-sacs are supported laterally and caudally to prevent inward (paradoxical) collapse during generation of negative (inhalatory) pressure: the synsacrum, posteriorly directed, laterally open pubes and specialized femoral-thigh complex provide requisite support and largely prevent inhalatory collapse. In comparison, theropod dinosaurs probably lacked similarly enlarged abdominal air-sacs, and skeleto-muscular modifications consistent with their ventilation. In the absence of enlarged, functional abdominal air-sacs, theropods were unlikely to have possessed a specialized bird-like, air-sac lung. The likely absence of bird-like pulmonary function in theropods is inconsistent with suggestions of cardiovascular anatomy more sophisticated than that of modern crocodilians.

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2012

Dinosaur Paleobiology

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Dinosaur gastralia; origin, morphology, and function

Cited by 102 publications

References 46 publications

Bases ósseas e musculares dos cortes comerciais do tronco de jacaré-do-Pantanal (Caimanyacare Daudin, 1802)

Bases ósseas e musculares dos cortes comerciais do tronco de jacaré-do-Pantanal (Caimanyacare Daudin, 1802)

Cardio‐pulmonary anatomy in theropod dinosaurs: Implications from extant archosaurs

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