Abstract:O objetivo neste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica temporal da pegada hídrica de oito cultivares de soja, plantadas na região do Oeste do Pará. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos correspondentes ao período de 2009 a 2014 para calcular as taxas evapotranspiratórias da cultura. Como a Pegada Hídrica é subdividida em verde, azul e cinza e, na região os cultivos não são irrigados contabilizou-se apenas a verde e a cinza. A PHverde foi estimada considerando-se o total de água consumida durante o ciclo de cada cul… Show more
“…With respect to thermal conditions, considering soybean cultivars (Costa et al, 2018) with an average cycle of 107 days, on average the harvest occurs during the first semester of the year, and therefore the crop is subjected to thermal conditions that vary between 24.6°C and 25.2°C. This thermal range is considered optimum for soybeans according to , who reported a high productive capacity of soybeans between 20°C to 30°C.…”
The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region.
“…With respect to thermal conditions, considering soybean cultivars (Costa et al, 2018) with an average cycle of 107 days, on average the harvest occurs during the first semester of the year, and therefore the crop is subjected to thermal conditions that vary between 24.6°C and 25.2°C. This thermal range is considered optimum for soybeans according to , who reported a high productive capacity of soybeans between 20°C to 30°C.…”
The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region.
“…Na Amazônia, áreas cultivadas com grãos em Mato Grosso foram ampliando-se para áreas mais ao norte da região, consolidando-se importantes pólos no Pará como, por exemplo, no oeste do Estado. Nesse polo de produção participam com a maior área cultivada os municípios de Santarém, Belterra e Mojuí dos Campos (Costa et al, 2018). Os produtores se instalaram na região adquirindo terras a baixo custo e iniciaram suas atividades, com a construção da BR-163 facilitou-se o escoamento da produção de grãos.…”
Section: Exportação De áGua Virtual Da Commodity Soja Global Pelos Po...unclassified
Novos conceitos têm sido utilizados para compreender os usos múltiplos da água, exemplo disso, é o estudo da água virtual e da pegada hídrica, os quais podem ser utilizados como indicadores de uso hídrico eficiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o volume de água virtual exportada por meio da commoditie soja pelos portos do arco norte (Santarém-PA, Barcarena-PA e Itacoatiara-AM) no período de 2015 a junho de 2020, e relacionar a pegada hídrica da soja na região de Santarém-PA. No ano de 2020 ocorreu o maior volume de água virtual em m³/t exportado pelo porto de Barcarena-PA totalizando o volume de 12.673.773.255m³/t. Um grande volume de água virtual é exportado anualmente em destino de outros países, a cultura da soja é uma das culturas que vem crescendo no Brasil, vindo para o norte, na região Amazônica onde os recursos hídricos são abundantes, sendo assim colaborando com o fluxo hídrico internacional de água virtual. O avanço da perda do bioma pode gerar consequências climáticas, pois este bioma é responsável por fornecer vapor d’água para o sul e sudeste do Brasil favorecendo as chuvas nessa região, assim, é possível um desequilíbrio nos recursos hídricos do Brasil.
“…However, in 2019, the area planted with soybeans in the North region, wherein is located the largest part of the Legal Amazon, reached a total of 1.9 million hectares (IBGE, 2022a). The migratory flux associated with this expansion of soybeans has stimulated the growth of regional grain production centers such as that of Western Pará, which is represented by such centers in Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos and Santarém (Costa et al, 2018).…”
Description of the subject. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, soybean cultivation areas have been expanding in the Legal Amazon. Among the factors that contribute to the process of expansion of cultivation of grains in the Amazon, favorable climate conditions are one of the most important, and these include high rainfall indices and good thermal regimes during the cultivation period. Objectives. In this context, the objective of this study was to describe responses of soybean production as a function of climate variables, considering data from an important grain production center in the Amazon. Method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used including the following response variables: rainfall (R), air temperature (T), real evapotranspiration, water stress (WST) and surplus, soybean area harvested (HVA), quantity produced (PD), occurrence of El Niño and La Niña (LAN). Results. Production variables were negatively correlated with precipitation and water surplus. There was also a negative correlation between El Niño, temperature and water stress. The variables that had greater weight in component 1 were R, T and WST. Considering component 2, the variables that most contributed to the variation were HVA, PD and LAN. Conclusions. The strong or severe occurrence of La Niña influences the soybean production in the region of Belterra-PA, due to the high rainfall index causing excess water in the soil, leading the plants to stress. The moderate occurrence of La Niña positively influences soybean production in the region to maintain the water supply at adequate levels for the plants. These results show the importance of monitoring climate variables for agriculture in the region.
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