Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar:Wolbachiagenomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

Abstract

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial 1 nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm 2 3 Emilie

Multiple origins of nematode-Wolbachiasymbiosis in supergroup F and convergent loss of bacterioferritin in filarialWolbachia

“…A gene encoding gp6-like head-tail connector phage protein and a pseudogene derived from a phage portal protein were found only in wMoz, while a pseudogene derived from major tailtube phage protein was found only in wMpe. This is in accordance with the trend of none or very few phage derived genes in filarial Wolbachia genomes 6 . were also present in both wMoz and wMpe.…”

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 23, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.23.436630 doi: bioRxiv preprint supergroup F. This is in contrast to the trend in supergroups C and D, where fewer than IS elements could be identified in complete genomes 6,57,68 . It is common for arthropod Wolbachia from other supergroups (such as A and B) to have hundreds of copies of IS elements, for example, comprising as high as 13% of the genome sequence in wAlbB 57 Comparisons of genome-wide sequence similarity within supergroup F were also made using the dDDH score.…”

“…While the Wolbachia associations in arthropods range from reproductive parasites to nutritional mutualists 1,2 , Wolbachia is an obligate mutualist in the filarial nematodes 3 and is essential for worm development, fecundity and survival 3,4 . The latest phylogenetic classification, based on Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), assigns Wolbachia to various monophyletic supergroups [5][6][7] . Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi are the two main causes of mansonellosis, and harbor their specific Wolbachia, wMpe and wMoz respectively.…”

“…There is great interest in understanding the nature of the symbiotic relationship between Mansonella and their Wolbachia endosymbionts. The phylogenetic position of the Mansonella Wolbachia in a unique supergroup that also contains arthropod Wolbachia could also have implications for the nature of interactions with their host 5, 6, 29, 30 . While genomic information could provide fundamental resource for investigating their biology, the only complete genome from supergroup F Wolbachia is the genome of Wolbachia from the bedbug Cimex lectularius ( w Cle) 29 .…”

Evolution ofWolbachiamutualism and reproductive parasitism: insight from two novel strains that co-infect cat fleas

“…w CfeT and w CfeJ are broadly similar to other closed Wolbachia genomes in terms of length, GC content, number of protein coding genes, and coding density ( Table 1 ), although it is interesting to note that w CfeT exhibits one of the highest pseudogene counts (second only to w Cle) while w CfeJ boasts one of the lowest (second only to w Ov). Coupled with other recently sequenced genomes for non-Supergroup A and B strains (e.g., w Fol and w VulC), these cat flea-associated wolbachiae blur the lines demarcating genomic traits previously used to distinguish basal and sister Wolbachia lineages from those of Supergroups A and B strains ( Lefoulon et al, 2020 ), particularly regarding genome size and mobile element composition ( Lefoulon et al, 2020 ).…”