Diminished Spinal Cord Size Associated with Congenital Scoliosis of the Thoracic Spine*

Mik, G; Drummond, Denis S.; Hosalkar, Harish S.; Cameron, Danielle B.; Agrawal, Nina; Manteghi, Alexander; Gholve, Purushottam; Auerbach, Joshua D.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.h.00551

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There were nonsignificant (P > .5) radius changes between the 4-7 and 8-11 age groups, suggesting that the size of the spinal cord reaches near maturation by the age of 7. These results are consistent with prior literature (Mik et al 2009). In the adult population, the spinal canal radius decreased in size.…”

Section: Injury Criteriasupporting

confidence: 94%

Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Parenteau

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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The results obtained in this study help explain variations in cervical anatomical changes associated with age and gender. The information is useful when assessing differences in injury patterns between different segments of the population. Anatomical measurements of the cervical spine should be considered for the development of models used to assess injury mechanisms for various occupant age groups.

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Section: Injury Criteriasupporting

confidence: 94%

Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Parenteau

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…Its use has been suggested to comprehensively evaluate CS patients before surgical interventions are performed [19,20]. However, the incidence of intraspinal abnormalities detected by MRI is highly variable, ranging from 21.8 to 53.7% [1,16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition, it is not known whether sex and CS types affect the incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in patients with CS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in congenital scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

J Orthop Surg Res

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Objective This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the overall incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) and potential influencing factors. Methods We searched three large electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) for potentially relevant studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. Data on the number of CS patients, number of CS patients with intraspinal abnormalities, sex of the patients, and CS types were extracted from the included studies. R software was used to pool and analyze all the extracted data. Results This meta-analysis included 10 articles, and 671 of 1863 CS patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were identified to have intraspinal abnormalities. The overall incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in the patients with CS was 37% (95% CI, 29–45%). Diastematomyelia was the most common intraspinal abnormality and was detected in 45.60% of the patients with intraspinal abnormalities (306/671). The remaining intraspinal abnormalities included syringomyelia (273/671, 40.69%), tethered cord (190/671, 28.32%), low conus (58/671, 8.64%), intraspinal mass (39/671, 5.81%), Chiari malformation (32/671, 4.77%), fatty filum (27/671, 4.02%), spina bifida (occulta excluded) (17/671, 2.53%), tumor (17/671, 2.53%), cyst (12/671, 1.79%), syringomyelus (4/671, 0.60%), dural ectasia (1/671, 0.15%), and undiagnosed cord MRI hyperintensity (1/671, 0.15%). The patient’s sex and CS type were not factors that affected the incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in CS patients (all P > 0.05). Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that the overall incidence of intraspinal abnormalities detected by MRI in CS patients was 37%. Diastematomyelia was the most common intraspinal abnormality. The patient’s sex and CS type were not factors that affected the incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in CS patients.

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“…The most obvious and frequently reported anomalies include syringomyelia, Chiari malformation, diastematomyelia, and tethered cord. Apart from these comparatively severe anomalies, which may cause major neurological deficits, several smaller and easily ignored anomalies exist [5, 6], such as diminished spinal cord, narrowed spinal canal, and spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal epidural lipomatosis – an easily ignored secondary intraspinal disorder in spinal kyphotic deformities

Zhang

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundA previous study reported a high prevalence of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) in patients with Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) and suggested that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. According to our observation, however, SEL occurs in other spinal kyphotic deformities as well. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SEL commonly occurs in patients with different types of kyphotic deformities as a secondary intraspinal disorder.MethodsMR images of 16 patients with congenital kyphosis (CK), 40 patients with SK, 13 patients with tuberculotic kyphosis (TK), and 69 age- and sex-matched controls were retrospectively evaluated. The body mass index (BMI), kyphosis Cobb angle, and sagittal diameters of spinal epidural fat (EF) and the dural sac (DS) in the apical region (EFA, DSA) and non-kyphotic region (EFN, DSN) were measured. The EF ratios at the apical vertebral level (EFRA) and in the non-kyphotic region (EFRN) were calculated as EF / (EF + DS).ResultsEFA and EFRA were significantly higher among patients with CK, SK, and TK than among controls (P < 0.05). Seven CK patients (43.8%), 8 SK patients (20.0%), and 11 TK patients (84.6%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SEL, while only 6.3, 2.5, and 0% of patients in the control groups did (P = 0.019, 0.014, and < 0.001, respectively). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed statistically significant correlations between the kyphosis Cobb angle and the amount of EF in all three patient groups.ConclusionsSEL is a common secondary intraspinal disorder in different types of kyphotic deformities, and surgeons should pay increased attention to this intraspinal anomaly because excessive EF may compress the spinal cord and cause neurological deficits.

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Diminished Spinal Cord Size Associated with Congenital Scoliosis of the Thoracic Spine*

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Incidence of intraspinal abnormalities in congenital scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spinal epidural lipomatosis – an easily ignored secondary intraspinal disorder in spinal kyphotic deformities

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