Dimethylamino group modified polydopamine nanoparticles with positive charges to scavenge cell-free DNA for rheumatoid arthritis therapy

Redox Homeostasis Strategy for Inflammatory Macrophage Reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Ceria Oxide Nanozyme-Complexed Biopolymeric Micelles

“…In order to assess the impact of treatment, we have comprehensively analyzed the pathological features in tissue sections regarding the synovial hyperplasia and cartilage degradation status. Safranin-O staining (Figure A) was used to analyze changes in the extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) and cartilage deterioration. , The articular cartilage in the negative control group showed pronounced structural damage and reduced abundance of glycoprotein in ECM, contrasting to the robust articular cartilage and glycoprotein expression in healthy mice. Notably, HA@RH-CeO X -treated mice showed intact ECM structure and uniformly distributed proteoglycans (indicated by green arrows) that were almost comparable to the healthy mice, while the ECM recovery in the RH and HA@RH groups was less significant.…”

Tackling Severe Neutrophilic Inflammation in Airway Disorders with Functionalized Nanosheets

“…Scavenging cfDNA using functionalized biomaterials represents a strategy for modulating uncontrolled inflammation and has potential as a treatment for severe airway inflammatory disorders (Figure ). ,− Dendritic polyglycerol, which is synthesized via anionic ring-opening multibranching polymerization, offers excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and resistance to protein interactions. − To increase electrostatic interactions with negatively charged cfDNA, a portion of the hydroxyl groups on dPG were converted into amino groups, yielding dPG-amine . It was reported that surface functionalization played a pivotal role in the biomedical properties of nanomaterials, while the optimal hydroxyl/amino ratio of PGA to construct ideal cfDNA-scavenging nanoplatforms is still unclear.…”

“…Clinical deployment of recombinant human DNase, an approved therapeutic agent by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for severe airway inflammatory diseases, has been constrained by the emergence of severe side effects. , However, recent advancements in nanotechnology have ushered in a therapeutic strategy: cfDNA scavenging via biomaterials. This transformative approach augments the prospect of effectively managing uncontrolled inflammation. ,− …”

“…In recent discourse, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), primarily originating from cell death, has emerged as a pivotal player in both NET formation and the induction of inflammatory responses. − cfDNA serves to stimulate neutrophils to produce NETs while also orchestrating the activation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), thus amplifying the adaptive immune response. , This revelation positions cfDNA as a therapeutic target for conditions characterized by unbridled inflammation, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), acute kidney injury (AKI), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). − Conspicuous elevations in cfDNA concentrations and NET levels have been reported in the inflammatory milieu of ALI and asthma patients. Notably, a significant increase in NET levels has been confirmed in the nasal secretions of individuals with CRSwNP, a recalcitrant upper-airway inflammatory disorder (Figure ).…”

Recent advances in nano-targeting drug delivery systems for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

“…Thus, using cationic polymers to eliminate cfDNA may be a promising treatment against RA. In a step in this direction, one study has shown that cationic dimethylamino-group-modified polydopamine nanoparticles strongly bind cfDNA and efficiently inhibit cfDNA-induced inflammation in an animal model [184]. Decreasing the systemic toxicity of these cationic polymeric nanoparticles is an important priority for future work.…”