Dimensions of simulation.

Abstract

PRESENTS 3 INTERESTING CONNOTATIONS OF SIMULATION: (1) REPRESENTATION OR SUBSTITUTION OF 1 THING FOR ANOTHER; (2) PORTRAYAL OF THE ENVIRONMENT, WHICH SUGGESTS THE STUDY OF PERCEPTION; AND (3) DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND THE FUNCTION OF COMPUTERS IN THEIR REPRESENTATION. EXPLORES THE USES OF SIMULATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN TRAINING. MAJOR SECTIONS ARE THE FIELD OF SIMULATION, OPEN-LOOP ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION, SIMULATION NOT INVOLVING PEOPLE, ANALYSES OF OCCUPATIONS, SIMULATION FOR TRAINING, REAL-SIZE SYSTEM SIMULATION, TECHNIQUES OF MINIATURIZATION, SIMULATION WITH EMPHASIS ON THE PEOPLE INVOLVED, AND SIMULATION FOR PROFICIENCY MEASUREMENT. 5 DIMENSIONS OF SIMULATION ARE IDENTIFIED. (31 REF.)

Laboratory Research on Bargainingl and Negotiations: An Evaluation

“…Even if bargainer training is conducted by means other than laboratory simulation, the internal validity of the instruction may be assessed with a laboratory exercise. However, Crawford (1966) cautioned that the ability to perform in a simulator at the conclusion of training did not assure satisfactory performance on the actual job.…”

Simulation research and design: a dual-level framework for multi-project research programs

“…Digital simulations are conducted using a computer and a virtual person or environment to interact with ( de Jong 1991). Alternatively, simulations can be characterized by their purpose, either assessment, facilitation, or research (Crawford 1966). As targeted research and design processes should consider the critical features of modality and purpose, the new framework proposed in this article will provide specific recommendations for these two features.…”

“…Also select and train confederates systematically (Nestel et al 2014) • Digital simulations • Purchase or develop a computer simulator that can be integrated within or complement the learning and testing environment. Fidelity of the simulation scenario and interaction possibilities are crucial (Crawford 1966;Gaba 2004;Huwendiek et al 2009;Meller 1997) (Khan et al 2013a). Think about preparing participants well for role plays within a short amount of time.…”

Decision Theory and Vocational Counseling: Important Concepts and Questions

“…Evidence suggests that students actually making several sequential career decisions for hypothetical students in a 'life career game" setting may facilitate the learning of effective decision-making behaviors by the players (Boocock, 1966;Varenhorst, 1966). Simulation techniques, such as the career game procedure, may proveto be very effective in bringing students into contact with the important environmental variables influencing decisionmaking (Crawford, 1966). In addition, the process of assuming a help-others role, as Reismann (1965) has recently pointed out, may prove very influential in modifying the helper's behavior.…”