“…This has been shown with convergent and discriminant validation in self-report, peer ratings, and spouse ratings (McCrae, Stone, Fagan, & Costa, 1998), temporal stability (McCrae & Costa, 2003;Roberts & DelVecchio, 2000), generalizability across age, gender, and culture (McCrae & Allik, 2002), and heritability (Yamagata et al, 2006). The FFM has also been used successfully as an integrative model for personality description in a number of applied fields, including health psychology (Artistico, Baldassarri, Lauriola & Laicardi, 2000) and industrial organizational psychology (Hogan & Holland, 2003) as well as developmental research such as child and adolescent temperament research (Caspi, Roberts, & Shiner, 2005) and aging (Costa, McCrae & Siegler, 1999).…”