Dimensional Confinement in Carbon‐based Structures – From 3D to 1D

Richter, Nils; Chen, Zongping; Braatz, Marie-Luise; Musseau, Fabienne; Weber, Nils-Eike; Narita, Akimitsu; Müllen, Kläus; Kläui, Mathias

doi:10.1002/andp.201700051

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In this article, we summarize the latest developments and updates, mainly focusing on the field of on‐surface synthesis of GNRs. In view of the dynamics of the field, readers are referred to previous review articles published by us [ 11,12,25,26,49–51 ] and others [ 10,52–56 ] for a detailed description of the preceding works. Here, we start with the recent progress in the surface‐assisted synthesis of GNRs under UHV and CVD conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

2020

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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi‐1D graphene strips, which have attracted attention as a novel class of semiconducting materials for various applications in electronics and optoelectronics. GNRs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties, which sensitively depend on their chemical structures, especially the width and edge configuration. Therefore, precision synthesis of GNRs with chemically defined structures is crucial for their fundamental studies as well as device applications. In contrast to top‐down methods, bottom‐up chemical synthesis using tailor‐made molecular precursors can achieve atomically precise GNRs. Here, the synthesis of GNRs on metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions is the main focus, and the recent progress in the field is summarized. The UHV method leads to successful unambiguous visualization of atomically precise structures of various GNRs with different edge configurations. The CVD protocol, in contrast, achieves simpler and industry‐viable fabrication of GNRs, allowing for the scale up and efficient integration of the as‐grown GNRs into devices. The recent updates in device studies are also addressed using GNRs synthesized by both the UHV method and CVD, mainly for transistor applications. Furthermore, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of on‐surface synthesized GNRs are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

2020

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“…Up to now, most device studies on bottom-up GNRs have aimed at observing charge transport through single ribbons, employing short-channel FETs [18][19][20] . While these devices show promise for nano-electronics applications, they are typically highly resistive, which has been attributed to large energy barriers at the contacts for charge injection 13,18,[20][21][22] . The recent use of nine-atom-wide AGNRs (9-AGNRs) has enabled substantial improvement regarding conductivity and electrostatic current modulation compared to other previously used GNRs 20 .…”

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Charge transport mechanism in networks of armchair graphene nanoribbons

Richter

Chen

Tries

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the lateral confinement of charge carriers opens a band gap, the key feature to enable novel graphene-based electronics. Successful synthesis of GNRs has triggered efforts to realize field-effect transistors (FETs) based on single ribbons.Despite great progress, reliable and reproducible fabrication of single-ribbon FETs is still a challenge that impedes applications and the understanding of the charge transport. Here, we present reproducible fabrication of armchair GNR-FETs based on a network of nanoribbons and analyze the charge transport mechanism using nine-atom wide and, in particular, five-atomwide GNRs with unprecedented conductivity. We show formation of reliable Ohmic contacts and a yield of functional FETs close to unity by lamination of GNRs on the electrodes.Modeling the charge carrier transport in the networks reveals that this process is governed by inter-ribbon hopping mediated by nuclear tunneling, with a hopping length comparable to the physical length of the GNRs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear tunneling is a general charge transport characteristic of the GNR networks by using two different GNRs. Overcoming the challenge of low-yield single-ribbon transistors by the networks and identifying the corresponding charge transport mechanism puts GNR-based electronics in a new perspective.

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Untying the Bundles of Solution‐Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly Capacitive Micro‐Supercapacitors

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The precise bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with controlled width and edge structures may compensate for graphene's limitations, such as the absence of an electronic bandgap. At the same time, GNRs maintain graphene's unique lattice structure in one dimension and provide more open-edge structures compared to graphene, thus allowing faster ion diffusion, which makes GNRs highly promising for energy storage systems. However, the current solution-synthesized GNRs suffer from severe aggregation due to the strong π-π interactions, which limits their potential applications. Thus, it is indispensable to develop a facile and scalable approach to exfoliate the GNRs from the postsynthetic aggregates, yielding individual nanoribbons. Here, a high-shear-mixing approach is demonstrated to untie the GNR bundles into practically individual GNRs, by introducing suitable molecular interactions. The micro-supercapacitor (MSC) electrode based on solution-processed GNR film exhibits an excellent volumetric capacitance of 355 F cm −3 and a high power density of 550 W cm −3 , reaching the state-of-the-art performance of graphene and related carbon materials, and thus demonstrating the great potential of GNRs as electrode materials for future energy storage.

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Dimensional Confinement in Carbon‐based Structures – From 3D to 1D

Cited by 6 publications

References 123 publications

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

Graphene Nanoribbons: On‐Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices

Charge transport mechanism in networks of armchair graphene nanoribbons

Untying the Bundles of Solution‐Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly Capacitive Micro‐Supercapacitors

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