Dilution of mainstream tobacco smoke and its effects upon the evaporation and diffusion of nicotine

Lewis, David; Colbeck, I.; Mariner, Derek

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(95)00005-w

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…appropriate because the ratio of nicotine agreed closely with the results obtained by Lewis et al (1995) and Cochran et al (1995). Given that the gas ratio of nicotine is measured without considering volatilization, the ratio depends on the denuder length (10-30% with details shown in Figure S3b) and largely differs from that of the method with considering volatilization.…”

Section: Comparison Between the Multiple-ad-fp Methods And Filter-impisupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The volatilization rate from the tobacco smoke particles with respect to tube length was obtained in the method, and the initial gas amount at the inlet of the denuders was calculated based on the volatilization rate. A number of researchers have used glass tube denuders (Lewis et al 1995;Hager and Niessner 1996;Mariner and Frost 1998;Ingebrethsem et al 2001;Cochran et al 2003;Lipowicz and Piade 2004;Katayama et al 2007). These research efforts took the influence of volatilization from the particles into consideration and analyzed the gas-particle distribution based on calculations; however, gas collection efficiencies and particle loss ratios were not sufficiently discussed in the papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles on the gas-particle distribution in annular denuders

Ishikawa

Sekiguchi

2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles in annular denuders on the gas-particle distribution was investigated by using multiple annular denuders coupled with a filter pack method (multiple-AD-FP method) under low flow volume conditions (1.05 and 1.65 L/min). Smoking experiments and model experiments using poly styrene latex (PSL) particles and generated gases were conducted to measure the particle loss ratio and gas collection efficiency in the denuders. In this research, we focused on the influence of XAD-4 slurry concentrations and particle volatility including tobacco smoke from a cigarette and vapor products on the volatilization from particles in the denuders, and have proposed a measurement method for considering volatilization. Our experimental results showed that volatilization depends on the particle volatility, targeted components, denuder length, particle concentration, and adsorbent amount, thereby suggesting the importance of selecting the proper measurement conditions and taking volatilization into account, so as to evaluate the appropriate gas-particle distribution. The gas-phase nicotine ratio obtained from calculating the volatilization rate in the multiple-AD-FP method agreed with previous research. This means that the calculation method was appropriate for the evaluation of gas-particle distribution. Furthermore, the gas-particle ratio determined through the multiple-AD-FP method was compared to that determined through a filter-impinger method that uses a glass fiber filter. The results revealed that most of the gases in the filter-impinger method were not collected in the impinger due to the condensation of gases on the surface of the filter fibers and collected particles.

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Section: Comparison Between the Multiple-ad-fp Methods And Filter-impisupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles on the gas-particle distribution in annular denuders

Ishikawa

Sekiguchi

2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…It is not possible at this time to distinguish between the two cited possible mechanisms based on the available data. Denuder tube experiments with fresh MS smoke (in the absence of a Cambridge filter pad) have demonstrated that nicotine is primarily in the particulate phase of MS smoke, that is, <1% of nicotine is in the gas phase of MS smoke (21,33,(52)(53)(54)(55). In addition, the Cambridge filter pad is 99.9% efficient for MS smoke particles that are larger than 0.1 :m in diameter (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ability of the FTC Method to Quantify Nicotine as a Function of Ammonia in Mainstream Smoke

Callicutt

Cox

Farthing

et al. 2006

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Whether ammonia-forming ingredients added to tobacco and ammonia in smoke affect the ability of the Cambridge filter pad to trap nicotine in the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method was examined. Three commercial cigarettes, two industry reference cigarettes, and four specially designed test cigarettes were used in this study to represent cigarettes with different construction and mainstream (MS) smoke yield characteristics. One of the commercial cigarettes, a US 1998 Marlboro Lights¯ King Size cigarette, was used as a control cigarette for the four experimental test cigarettes. The test cigarettes differed from the control cigarette as follows: first, a reduction in ammonia-forming ingredients added to the reconstituted tobaccos; second, no ammonia-forming ingredients added to the reconstituted tobacco; third, no ingredients at all added to the reconstituted tobaccos; and fourth, no ingredients at all added to the entire tobacco blend. An XAD-4 tube was placed downstream of the standard Cambridge filter pad in the FTC method to trap the gas-vapor phase nicotine for subsequent analysis. The Cambridge filter pad used in the FTC method was determined to provide greater than 99% trapping efficiency for MS smoke nicotine from cigarettes with widely different soluble ammonia levels in filler and MS smoke ammonia yields.

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“…Much more frequent sampling and analysis of all of the metabolites of nicotine would be required. Secondly, because we targeted a specific concentration of tobacco smoke (150 mg/m 3 ), substantial dilution was required, which effects the concentration and potentially the phase of nicotine (particulate vs. vapor; Lewis et al, 1995). Finally, in contrast to the cigarette smoke generated by human smokers, the age of the cigarette smoke in the rat inhalation studies is different because of the necessity of generation, dilution, and delivery to the exposure manifold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: inorganic compounds

Coggins¹,

Sena

Oldham

2011

Inhalation Toxicology

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Dilution of mainstream tobacco smoke and its effects upon the evaporation and diffusion of nicotine

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles on the gas-particle distribution in annular denuders

Influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles on the gas-particle distribution in annular denuders

The Ability of the FTC Method to Quantify Nicotine as a Function of Ammonia in Mainstream Smoke

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: inorganic compounds

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