Dilemma of gonial angle measurement: Panoramic radiograph or lateral cephalogram

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic imaging in measuring the right and left gonial angles by comparing the measured angles with the angles determined using a lateral cephalogram of adult patients with class I malocclusion.Materials and MethodsThe gonial angles of 50 class I malocclusion patients (25 males and 25 females; mean age: 23 years) were measured using both a lateral cephalogram and a panoramic radiograph. In the lateral cephalograms, the gonial angle was measured at the point of intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane. In the panoramic radiographs, the gonial angle was measured by drawing a line tangent to the lower border of the mandible and another line tangent to the distal border of the ascending ramus and the condyle on both sides. The data obtained from both radiographs were statistically compared.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed between the gonial angle measured using the lateral cephalograms and that determined using the panoramic radiographs. Further, there was no statistically significant difference in the measured gonial angle with respect to gender. The results also showed a statistically insignificant difference in the mean of the right and the left gonial angles measured using the panoramic radiographs.ConclusionAs the gonial angle measurements using panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms showed no statistically significant difference, panoramic radiography can be considered in orthodontics for measuring the gonial angle without any interference due to superimposed images.

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography for mandibular morphometry

“…Males have mostly higher mandibular measurements on PR and CBCT except GA measurements. According to our PR measurements, right GA and left GA values are almost equal in males and females (p > 0.05), which is in accordance with Radhakrishnan [27], who found the mean value of the GA in females to be 122.74° using PRs, and in males, 122.84°. The p-value was 0.71, which was not statistically significant.…”

Does Mandibular Gonial Angle Influence the Eruption Pattern of the Lower Third Molar? A Three-Dimensional Study

“…It was calculated on volumetric elaboration of CBCT scans using a dedicated software for the 3D cephalometric examination. As reported in literature, the gonial angle is closely related to the growth pattern and facial typology [ 18 , 28 , 29 ]. According to D’Antò (et al), the GA could help to define the mandibular rotational pattern with more accurate information than the angle between anterior cranial base and mandibular plane that is influenced by the anterior cranial base inclination [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Asimetría de cóndilos y ramas mandibulares en individuos desdentados parciales. Una revisión de la literatura

“…Para Radhakrishnan et al (17), las radiografías panorámicas pueden ser utilizadas para medir el ángulo gonial, que en comparación con las telerradiografías no muestra una diferencia significativa, que puede ser considerada como referencia para la ortodoncia (17). Markic et al (18) realizó estudios comparativos entre la radiografía panorámica, la tomografía de haz cónico, la resonancia magnética y la lateral cefalométrica, mediante mediciones sobre ocho cabezas de cadáveres, y llegó a la conclusión de que la longitud de la rama medida en equipos 3D arroja datos muy similares, pero la indicada para el diagnóstico de la artritis idiopática juvenil es la resonancia mangéntica (18).…”

“…Unger et al (31) emplearon estas dos radiografías 2D para verificar si había una diferencia abismal entre los pacientes desdentados y llegaron a la conclusión de que no había diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Otros autores (16,17,32) que realizaron estudios similares llegaron a la conclusión que la RP puede ser utilizada en ortodoncia para medir el ángulo gonial, ya que no presenta ninguna imagen superpuesta (17); así mismo, pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico, la planificación del tratamiento y la evaluación de los casos de asimetría grave (33).…”