Digitized analysis of handwriting and drawing movements in healthy subjects: methods, results and perspectives

Mergl, Roland; Tigges, Peter; Schröter, Andreas; Möller, Hans‐Jürgen; Hegerl, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00080-1

Cited by 97 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…18 It has also been reported that, when the mean peak velocity is less than 50mm ⁄ s, almost all velocity profiles are multi-peaked. 8 The mean stroke velocity of the HWD-DCD group in writing complex tasks was found to have decreased to 40.7mm ⁄ s. It appears that the disautomation in the learning process and the slowed writing of complex characters have similar underlying mechanisms. It is very likely that these two impairments interacted with each other during the motor learning process that occurs during the act of handwriting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…14,15 The VMI is regarded as a useful evaluation tool in the screening of handwriting dysfunction. 8 The test adopted in the present study is the 4th edition of Chinese version of the VMI with norm-referenced tables for Taiwanese children. 13 According to the age variable, the norms were established from a sample of 2977 children.…”

Section: Beery-buktenica Developmental Test Of Visual-motor Integratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To characterize the automation process, the change in the number of directional changes of velocity was described using an exponential function 8 :…”

Section: Time Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computerized movement analyses provide a method of measuring specific fine motor control variables directly during the actual handwriting process. [7][8][9] The notion of open-and closed-loop controls has been applied to the study of motor control in handwriting movement. 8,9 In writing a learned character, fluent handwriting movement is conducted using open-loop (feed-forward) control and is attained in an automated manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a closed-loop feedback control requires a number of practice sessions to attain automation of movement. In a study by Mergl et al, 8 the number of directional changes of velocity per stroke was used to characterize the automation of handwriting movement. Kharraz-Tavakol et al 9 also used the number of acceleration peaks in every stroke to estimate the degree of movement automation; they found that the exponential time course of the reduction in the number of acceleration peaks resembled the course of established motor learning models, thus confirming that they were indeed measuring motor learning.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of motor control in handwriting difficulties in children with or without developmental coordination disorder

Chang

2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim The purpose of this study was to characterize handwriting deficits in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) using computerized movement analyses. Method Seventy‐two children (40 females, 32 males; mean age 7y, SD 7mo; range 6y 2mo to 7y 11mo) with handwriting deficits (33 with DCD, 39 without DCD); and 22 age‐ and sex‐matched children without handwriting deficits were asked to perform handwriting tasks on a digital tablet for the collection of kinematic and kinetic data. Practice times required to achieve automation of movement when writing an unfamiliar character were used to assess the motor learning of handwriting. The children were asked to copy three simple and three complex characters, and the velocity and axial pen force used for corresponding strokes were compared. Results The attainment of automated handwriting was markedly slower in children with handwriting deficits and DCD, who used a faster stroke velocity to write simple characters (1.22 times those without handwriting deficits), but when writing complex characters, their stroke velocity and pen force were lower (0.85 and 0.89 times those without handwriting deficits, respectively). Interpretation By linking the results with neuromotor control theories, it was determined that children with DCD have difficulties performing the open‐loop and closed‐loop movements required for fluent handwriting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Beery-buktenica Developmental Test Of Visual-motor Integratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To characterize the automation process, the change in the number of directional changes of velocity was described using an exponential function 8 :…”

Section: Time Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of motor control in handwriting difficulties in children with or without developmental coordination disorder

Chang

2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Comparing the handwriting behaviours of true and false writing with computerized handwriting measures

Luria

Rosenblum

2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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SUMMARYThe goal of this study is to compare the handwriting behaviours of true and false writing. Based on the cognitive load and dis-automaticity known to be experienced while communicating a deceptive message, we hypothesized a difference (in temporal and spatial, pressure measures and peak velocities) between the handwriting of true vs. false messages. Thirty-four participants wrote true and false sentences on a digitizer, which is part of a new system called the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool (ComPET). The ComPET evaluates brain-hand performance, as manifested through handwriting behaviour, and was found to be a valid measure for detecting the dis-automaticity that is indicative of certain diseases in the clinical field. Differences were found in mean pressure, spatial measures (mean stroke length and mean stroke height), but no differences were found in temporal measures and in the number of peak velocities. The use of ComPET in lie detection is discussed.

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How to treat recurrent renal artery instent restenosis? Editorial comment on treatment of reoccuring instent restenosis following reintervention after stent‐supported renal artery angioplasty–Article by Zeller et al.

Schillinger

2007

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Digitized analysis of handwriting and drawing movements in healthy subjects: methods, results and perspectives

Cited by 97 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of motor control in handwriting difficulties in children with or without developmental coordination disorder

Characterization of motor control in handwriting difficulties in children with or without developmental coordination disorder

Comparing the handwriting behaviours of true and false writing with computerized handwriting measures

How to treat recurrent renal artery instent restenosis? Editorial comment on treatment of reoccuring instent restenosis following reintervention after stent‐supported renal artery angioplasty–Article by Zeller et al.

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