Digital Technologies: Advancing Individualized Treatments through Gene and Cell Therapies, Pharmacogenetics, and Disease Detection and Diagnostics

Abstract

Digital technologies are shifting the paradigm of medicine in a way that will transform the healthcare industry. Conventional medical approaches focus on treating symptoms and ailments for large groups of people. These approaches can elicit differences in treatment responses and adverse reactions based on population variations, and are often incapable of treating the inherent pathophysiology of the medical conditions. Advances in genetics and engineering are improving healthcare via individualized treatments that include gene and cell therapies, pharmacogenetics, disease detection, and diagnostics. This paper highlights ways that artificial intelligence can help usher in an age of personalized medicine.

Computational approaches for evaluating morphological changes in the corneal stroma associated with decellularization

“…Decellularization is, by definition, a process of removal of cell components from tissues in which vasculature and extracellular matrix (ECM) remain relatively intact. Decellularized tissues retain many of their biochemical, structural, and biomechanical properties, enabling the formation of various biologic scaffolds that act as the basis for cell growth and differentiation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Since such tissues do not possess antigens located at the cell surface, the risk of an adverse immune response is significantly reduced when transplanted to a different host.…”

Still Finding Ways to Augment the Existing Management of Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases with Targeted Gene and Cell Therapies: Opportunities and Hurdles

“…Overall, morbidity and mortality are expected to rise exponentially with the growing rates of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given that current treatments are mainly preventive strategies and early detection and intervention can be difficult in asymptomatic patients with these conditions, there is a definite need for alternative strategies to address the growing prevalence and subtle progression of renal dysfunction and ultimately reduce the need for renal replacement therapy [5,[25][26][27].…”

“…In the search for such strategies, significant efforts are being devised to augment the present-day management of kidney disease using novel regenerative strategies. For example, gene-and cell-based approaches that utilize recombinant peptides/proteins, gene, cell, organoid, and RNAi technologies have shown promising outcomes primarily in experimental models [25]. Accompanying efforts have also been devised to facilitate the development of efficient geneand cell-based techniques.…”

Mitigating challenges and expanding the future of vascular tissue engineering—are we there yet?

“…Anticipated steps toward introducing artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to support automated production may further enhance this technology’s clinical potential, help mitigate challenges, and expand the future of VTE ( Xu et al, 2005 ; Nguyen et al, 2019 ; Krackov et al, 2021 ). AI approaches have expanded our fundamental understanding of biological processes and are set to deliver enhanced medical solutions at the population and personal levels ( Corridon et al, 2022 ). Within this context, AI is poised to become an invaluable tool to improve patient outcomes.…”