Digital or Trade? The Contrasting Approaches of China and US to Digital Trade

Gao, Henry S.

doi:10.1093/jiel/jgy015

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The authors argue that China, the EU and the US have established three distinct data realms with different approaches to data governance. These patterns of divergence are also identified by other recent studies including contributions by Azmeh et al (2019), Ferencz and Gonzales (2019), Gao (2018), and Sen (2018).…”

Section: Literaturesupporting

confidence: 85%

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Digital Trade Rules in Preferential Trade Agreements: Is There a WTO Impact?

Elsig

Klotz

2021

Global Policy

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For a long time, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been seen as the privileged multilateral regime to regulate trade. However, given its slow progress in negotiating new trade rules, countries have increasingly shifted their focus to preferential trade agreements (PTAs) since the early 2000s. Focusing on a timely and increasingly important topic (digital trade), we explore how countries’ interactions in the WTO impact on their approaches in designing rules in PTAs. Using newly collected data on digital trade‐related provisions in almost 350 PTAs signed since 2000, we find that countries’ participation in digital trade‐related initiatives at the WTO spill over to the design of their PTAs. More precisely, we show that countries which actively participate in the discussions of the WTO Work Programme on Electronic Commerce are more likely to negotiate ambitious commitments on digital trade in their PTAs. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that countries which participate in the WTO‐based plurilateral Information Technology Agreement (ITA) are more likely to commit to deeper cooperation in the area of digital trade. More broadly, this article contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of regime complexity and how interaction in the multilateral system spills over to regional and bilateral trade regimes.

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Section: Literaturesupporting

confidence: 85%

“…. China is known to only include limited aspirational language in its PTAs (Aaronson and Leblond, 2018; Gao, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Trade Rules in Preferential Trade Agreements: Is There a WTO Impact?

Elsig

Klotz

2021

Global Policy

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“…The institutions with the largest number of articles on the subject of study were Delft University of Technology (the Netherlands), Arizona State University (USA), Purdue University (USA), University of Technology Sydney (Australia), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain). Among the top ten most The association between authors of Asian origin is related to the strategy initiated in recent years by China, with the decision to adopt measures in order to transform information, communications, and technology as the country's central industry [106,107]. The goal of this conversion is to end the country's industrial and technological dependence with foreign companies, and become a world leader in information, communications, and culture as technological solutions to make pragmatic compensation between economic growth and social sustainability [108,109].…”

Section: Publications By Author Institution and Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Global Research Trends

et al. 2020

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Digital transformation in the education sector has implied the involvement of sustainable management, in order to adapt to the changes imposed by new technologies. Trends in global research on this topic have been analyzed and studied, during the 1986–2019 period. To achieve this purpose, a bibliometric study of 1590 articles from the Scopus database has been applied. The results provided data on the scientific productivity of authors, journals, institutions, and countries that contribute to the development of this research area. The evidence reveals an exponential trend, with special interest in the last five years. The main categories are Social Sciences and Environmental Science. The most productive journal is Sustainability. The author with more articles is Mulder, from The Hague University of Applied Sciences. The most productive institution is Delft University of Technology. The USA is the country with the most academic publications and international collaborations in its studies. The main keywords used in the articles are “sustainability”, “sustainable development”, “higher education”, “innovation”, “technology”, “environmental technology”, “technological development”, and “environmental management”. Global research has followed a growing trend, with optimal publication levels in recent years.

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“…The authors discuss data-related governance with respect to trade policy, including a reference to the treatment of privacy. Gao (2018) presents the contrasting policy approaches between China and the US with respect to digital trade, while in Gao (2019) the author delves deeper into the features of the China model with regards to data regulations.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the analysis combines the legal strand of this literature, such as Aaronson and Leblond (2018), Gao (2018) and Azmeh et al (2019), that describes the data realms from a legal and political economy perspective; the economic literature that quantitatively estimates the impact of regulatory rules of data, such as Ferracane et al (2020); as well as the literature that investigates the economics of privacy, such as Acquisti et al (2016). As in , this paper assesses whether rules on data are associated with digital services trade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating Personal Data: Data Models and Digital Services Trade

Ferracane¹,

Marel²

2021

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Digital or Trade? The Contrasting Approaches of China and US to Digital Trade

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Digital Trade Rules in Preferential Trade Agreements: Is There a WTO Impact?

Digital Trade Rules in Preferential Trade Agreements: Is There a WTO Impact?

Sustainable Management of Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Global Research Trends

Regulating Personal Data: Data Models and Digital Services Trade

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