“…Although information and communication technologies (ICTs) are ubiquitous in the workplace, not all workers have the necessary skills to benefit from the variety of activities and range of learning opportunities that ICTs offer. The digital literacy level varies significantly across individuals, as several studies have shown (Spante et al, 2018, van Deursen & van Dijk, 2015Verhoeven et al, 2016;Wahjusaputri & Nastiti, 2022) Digital competencies are viewed as the ability to understand and articulate the transformation of information into knowledge, operations, and services using ICT and social software in analytical, productive, and innovative ways (Ala-Mutka, 2011;Burgos-Videla et al, 2021;Ferrari et al, 2012;Torres-Coronas & Vidal-Blasco, 2011). According to Voogt et al (2013), digital literacy is the safe and critical use of digital technology at work and leisure.…”