Digital computer analysis of the normal and abnormal electrocardiogram

Pipberger, Hubert V.; Stallmann, Friedemann; Yano, Katsuhiko; Draper, Harold W.

doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(63)80006-7

Cited by 50 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Details of the computational procedures have been reported previously. [21][22][23] Measurements from scalar leads X, Y, and Z included amplitudes and durations of P, Q, R, S, and T waves. The beginning of the T wave was omitted because of the gradual transition from the ST segment to the T wave.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three are designated Eigenvectors, the polar vector representing one of the three. They are obtained by use of a mean least square fitting procedure as shown in figure 4.21 23 Ratios between Eigenvectors give an indication of loop configuration, i.e., the relationships between length, width, and planarity of the loops.…”

Section: Polar Vectors and Eigenvectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Corrected Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram in 510 Normal Men (Frank Lead System)

et al. 1964

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Corrected orthogonal electrocardiographic records were taken from 510 normal male subjects. Their age ranged from 19 to 84 years. Data processing and analysis were performed by means of a digital computer. Measurements were taken from the three scalar orthogonal leads and from a variety of spatial vectors in a Cartesian reference frame. Main emphasis was put on series of instantaneous vectors of the QRS complex, the ST segment, and the T wave. In order to eliminate inter-individual variability in electrocardiographic wave durations, time normalization was applied by dividing QRS, ST, and T into equal parts in time. Results for instantaneous vectors were also obtained in absolute time at intervals of 0.01 second. In addition, time integrals, polar vectors, and Eigenvectors were determined for P, QRS, and T. Normal ranges were computed for both normally and abnormally distributed results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polar Vectors and Eigenvectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Corrected Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram in 510 Normal Men (Frank Lead System)

et al. 1964

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“…Data were smoothed by a low-pass numerical filter.810 The criterion for QRS wave recognition, determined from a Programmed Data Processing-7 Unit Calcomp spatial velocity plot of all the QRS complexes, was a rise-time of 6 ,uv/msec. Onset of the low-voltage waves, P and T, was determined by approaching the wave point-by-point to determine the point at which the Circulation, Volume XXXVI, December 1967 98 + 90; posteriorly directed, 300 ± 40. sum of the squares of four successive points increased sharply; this was chosen as the point of wave onset.…”

Section: Computer Analysis Of Infant Electrocardiogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Computer Analysis of the Vectorcardiogram of the Newborn Infant

1967

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Data derived from digital computer analysis of three corrected lead recordings for each of 13 term, normal newborn infants obtained on the first day of life are reported. The Frank, Schmitt SVEC-III, and McFee axial systems recorded the time sequence of ventricular depolarization force orientation in an almost identical manner. The following electrocardiographic measurements are reported for each of the three lead systems: heart rate, P-R interval, QRS and S-T intervals, planar and spatial mean P vectors, successive planar mean instantaneous QRS vectors, maximum QRS spatial vector, maximal rightward and leftward QRS spatial vectors, mean and maximum planar and spatial T vectors, and planar and spatial ventricular gradients. In general, vector quantities during this period of life are of lesser magnitude and more variable in orientation than for older infants and children. Although newborn infant ventricular depolarization forces for the majority are directed anteriorly, to the right, and inferiorly, posterior and superior orientation is not uncommon.

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“…Die automatische Bearbeitlmg von menschlichen Elektrokardiogrammen hat groBe Verbreitlmg geflU1.den [1,'-3, 11, 12, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 38, 43, 46, 49, 51, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59]. Es ist bis11er eine Vielzahl von Literatur zu diesem Thema erschienen [60,61,62,65,66,67,71,73,81,82,87,90,91]. Zur On-line-Analyse von Herzarrhytlllnien werden kleine Digitalcomputer mit Analog-Digital-Umwancller eingesetzt [89], ebenso Hybrid-Computer, die aIle Ekg-Ableitlmgen vorverarbeiten m1d nm' eine bestimmte Anzahl von Zeit-m1d Amplitudenwerten zur Verarbeitm1g dm'ch den GroBcomputer weitergeben [45], odeI' Analogrechner fli.r spezielle Vektorkardiogral1l1nanalysen [47], 1m allgemeinen werden die Elektrokardiogranllue del' verschiedenen Ableitungssysteme zusamll1en mit einer Patientenidentifikation lmd Eichsignalen in Form von Impulsen zlmachst auf FM-Analogmagnetbancl gespei-chert, wobei die Registrierdauer je Ekg 4--60 Sekunden betragt, Die automatische Verarbeitlmg erfolgt dann ti.ber sogenaImte Analog-Digital-Ull1wancUer mit Umwandhmgsraten zwischen 200 und 1000 U/s je Kanal bei einer Genauigkeit von 8-12 bits und Zwischenspeicherung auf Digitalmagnetbandern [9,15,17,18,39,52,53,36,48,72,75,78,79,80,88], AIWEDSON (1968) benutzte ZUl' Speichel'lmg des Elektrokardiograll1ll1es auf Magnetband eine Pulsdauermodulation mId als Zwischenspeicher Magnetplatten, Um Stonmgen in del' Ekg-Kurve zu vermindern, bedient man sich des sogenannten )average compnting< (ATC), bei dem die Ekg-Komplexe von mehreren auf-eiTlanderfolgenden Herzzylden aufslUllmiert werden, Dabei wire1 das Verhaltnis von Ekg-tUld Storsignal verbessert [68,…”

Section: Einleitung'unclassified

EDV-Vermessung von Ekg-Kurven bei Telemetrieversuchen

Hj¹

1974

Methods Inf Med

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Die EDV-Vermessung von Ekg-Kurven während Belastung wird bei Telemetrieversuchen erprobt. Es werden Störspannungen analysiert und Rechenverfahren zur Störbefreiung untersucht. Ein Verfahren zur sicheren Erkennung des QRS-Komplexes wird beschxieben. Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der Bezugslinie werden erläutert. Ein Vergleich zwischen manuell und automatisch bestimmten Ekg-Strecken wird durchgeführt.

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Digital computer analysis of the normal and abnormal electrocardiogram

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

The Corrected Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram in 510 Normal Men (Frank Lead System)

The Corrected Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram in 510 Normal Men (Frank Lead System)

Digital Computer Analysis of the Vectorcardiogram of the Newborn Infant

EDV-Vermessung von Ekg-Kurven bei Telemetrieversuchen

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