Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with traffic violations for male frequent car drivers

Schwerdtfeger, Andreas; Heims, Regina; Heer, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.001

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…There is evidence that the ratio of the length of the second digit divided by the length of the fourth digit (2D:4D) is affected by prenatal androgens. Many sexually differentiated behaviors have been correlated with digit ratios and replicated, including aggression (Benderlioglu & Nelson, 2004) and risk taking (Schwerdtfeger, Heims, & Heer, 2010) (for an overview, see Breedlove, 2010). It has been suggested that fetal testosterone comes into prominence when its priming is experimentally activated by testosterone administration in adulthood.…”

Section: Hormones and Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on sex differences in processing emotional signals

2012

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a b s t r a c tInterest in sex-related differences in psychological functioning has again come to the foreground with new findings about their possible functional basis in the brain. Sex differences may be one way how evolution has capitalized on the capacity of homologous brain regions to process social information between men and women differently. This paper focuses specifically on the effects of emotional valence, sex of the observed and sex of the observer on regional brain activations. We also discuss the effects of and interactions between environment, hormones, genes and structural differences of the brain in the context of differential brain activity patterns between men and women following exposure to seen expressions of emotion and in this context we outline a number of methodological considerations for future research. Importantly, results show that although women are better at recognizing emotions and express themselves more easily, men show greater responses to threatening cues (dominant, violent or aggressive) and this may reflect different behavioral response tendencies between men and women as well as evolutionary effects. We conclude that sex differences must not be ignored in affective research and more specifically in affective neuroscience.

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Section: Hormones and Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on sex differences in processing emotional signals

2012

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“…By 2009, there were more than 300 publications about the digit ratio (Voracek & Loibl, 2009). The digit ratio has been proposed as a putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure (Schwerdtfeger, Heims, & Heer, 2010). However, no digit ratio study has been conducted in Chinese populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Measurement Methods and Sexual Dimorphism for Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Han Ethnicity

Huang

et al. 2013

Arch Sex Behav

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The digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and has been considered an indicator of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Previous studies have shown that males tend to have lower 2D to 4D ratio than females, and this sexual dimorphism has been reported across different ethnic groups and different countries. However, digit ratio data are missing from the Han ethnicity in China. Furthermore, most of the previous studies used direct measurement for digit ratio. In this article, we used multiple measurement methods, including the direct measurement and two X-ray measurement methods to examine the trait of 2D:4D in Chinese Han. Our sample consisted of 128 men and 122 women from Liaoning Medical University. They were 18–20 years old. The direct measurement and two types of X-ray measurements of the length of their 2nd and 4th fingers were used separately to calculate digit ratios. Soft tissue thickness of 2D and 4D fingertips were also assessed from the two X-ray methods. The results suggest that (1) sex differences in 2D:4D tend to be stronger in the two X-ray measurements in comparison to the direct measurement; (2) 2D:4D ratios from X-ray measurements tend to be lower than that from the direct measurement; (3) Han ethnicity have a lower mean value of 2D:4D than other ethnic groups; (4) no sex difference in the soft tissue of finger tips. In conclusion, the digit ratio is lower in both men and women in Han, and the sexual dimorphism in digit ratio was stronger with X-ray measurements in comparison to the direct measurement.

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“…As the result of extensive literature studies, it is reported that by obtaining information from the digit proportion of a certain individual, several important information may be revealed with respect to the life, health and personal preferences of that individual (Malas et al;Schwerdtfeger et al, 2010). Therefore, several scientific studies have been conducted on the ratio of index finger to the ring finger (2D:4D) (Malas et al; Schwerdtfeger et al).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Radiological Investigation on the Hand Development in Human Fetuses Throughout the Fetal Period and an Evaluation Performed in Terms of its Clinical Importance Hand Development

et al. 2016

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CEREN, U.; KADIR, D.; OSMAN, S. & MEHMED ALI, M.A Radiological investigation on the hand development in human fetuses throughout the fetal period and an evaluation performed in terms of its clinical importance. Int. J. Morphol., 34(4):1539Morphol., 34(4): -1552Morphol., 34(4): , 2016. SUMMARY:It was aimed in this study that the morphometric development of the hand in human fetuses throughout the fetal period be radiologically investigated and the clinical importance of this period be evaluated. A total of 50 fetuses with no external pathology or anomaly, and the ages of which varied between 20-40 gestational weeks were incorporated into the study. The fetuses were separated into groups according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. After the general external measurements of the fetuses were performed, mammography and hand radiographies of the fetuses were shot in the way that their hands would be in a pronational position. Afterwards, the morphometric measurements of the hands were performed with the help of a digital caliper through the hand radiographies that were shot. The averages and standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). Additionally, it was observed that there was some difference among the groups in the comparison of the measured parameters involving trimesters and months (p<0.05). We are of the opinion that in evaluating the clinical studies regarding the morphometric development of the hand throughout the fetal period and in determining the pathologies and variations related to the fetal hand development, the data obtained in our study will be of use to the clinicians engaged in gynecology, and forensic medicine as well as those involved in this field.

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with traffic violations for male frequent car drivers

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

A review on sex differences in processing emotional signals

A review on sex differences in processing emotional signals

A Comparison of Measurement Methods and Sexual Dimorphism for Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Han Ethnicity

A Radiological Investigation on the Hand Development in Human Fetuses Throughout the Fetal Period and an Evaluation Performed in Terms of its Clinical Importance Hand Development

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