Digestive Ability, Physiological Characteristics, and Rumen Bacterial Community of Holstein Finishing Steers in Response to Three Nutrient Density Diets as Fattening Phases Advanced

Abstract

The aim of this study is to track the dynamic alterations in nutrient intake and digestion, rumen fermentation and plasma metabolic characteristics, and rumen bacterial community of Holstein finishing steers in response to three nutrient density diets as fattening phases advanced. A total of eighteen Holstein steers were randomly allocated into three nutrient density groups and steers in each group were fed under a three-phase fattening strategy, with nutrient density increased in each group when fattening phase advanced. Results showed that both fattening phase and dietary nutrient density significantly influenced the nutrient digestion, most of the rumen fermentation parameters, and part of bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Individually, dietary nutrient density affected the concentrations of plasma alanine aminotransferase and urea N, bacterial richness and evenness. All determined nutrient intake and plasma biochemical parameters, except for alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride, differed among fattening phases. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between fiber intake and bacterial richness and evenness, rumen fermentation characteristics and certain bacteria. Moreover, Patescibacteria abundance was positively correlated with ambient temperature and plasma total protein. These results indicate that rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were influenced by both dietary nutrient density and fattening phase, and these influences were regulated by certain rumen bacterial community and ruminal bacteria may be affected simultaneously by ambient temperature. This study may provide insights into diet optimization and potentially adaptive mechanism of rumen bacterial community in response to fattening phases and gradually climatic change.

Seasonal and Nutrient Supplement Responses in Rumen Microbiota Structure and Metabolites of Tropical Rangeland Cattle

“…Another interesting observation was the greater relative abundances of Fibrobacteres, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Cyanobacteria during the dry season when the fiber content of the diet is highest. These bacterial populations appear to be positively correlated with the NDF and ADF content of the diet [ 55 ]. Fibrobacteres phylum is composed of a single cellulolytic genus; Kiritimatiellaeota has been suggested to be involved in fiber degradation; and the rumen associated Cyanobacteria group are polysaccharolytic organisms [ 56 ].…”

Effect of Fat Sources and Emulsifier Supplementation in Broiler Starter, Grower and Finisher Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Carcass Parameters

“…However, fat sources, and emulsifier phases did not influence the carcass parameters of broilers. Better performance could also be related to better beneficial microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers because it has been reported that in livestock production better rumen microbe (Su, 2013;Niu et al, 2017;Qiu et al, 2019a;Qiu et al, 2020) and hindgut microbes (Qiu et al, 2019b) enhance the productivity of animals. Our findings of carcass parameters are similar with the results of previous researchers (Zhao et al, 2015;Upadhaya et al, 2016;Upadhaya et al, 2017).…”

Mycoplasma pathogenicity for humans and animals: an effort of complete genome sequencing and gene family analysis of Mycoplasma synoviae

“…Birds were free from hunger and thirst and manged according to standard protocol of animal behavior and welfare (Muhammad et al, 2016;Aziz ur Rahman et al, 2017;Aziz ur Rahman et al, 2019;Muhmmad et al, 2020). The source of Mycoplasma synoviae: The Ningxia University laboratory had already identified and preserved the Ningxia G-1 strain Media and culture conditions: Mycoplasma synoviae special medium Main instrument of the experiment and reagents: Instrument and reagents used in the current experiment were Ultra clean table, Supplement instrument manufacturer, Biochemical incubator, Micro tissue grinding machine, Ultramicro UV spectrophotometer (Li et al, 2014;Niu et al, 2017;He et al, 2018;Xia et al, 2018a;Xia et al, 2018b;Li et al, 2019;Qiu et al, 2019a;Qiu et al, 2019b;Qiu et al, 2020), Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR instrument Rehman et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020), Electrophoresis instrument, Sequencing instrument (Li et al, 2019;Qiu et al, 2019a;Qiu et al, 2020), Pacific Biosciences. Genomic DNA Extraction Kit; Accel-NGS ® •XL; Qubit TM Experimental method: Culture of strain and whole genome sequence According to Mycoplasma synoviae strain amplification culture conditions, liquid culture, authenticate, DNA gene extraction by Mycoplasma synoviae was used as a template.…”