Diffusion, Permeation and Solubility of Hydrogen in Copper

Magnusson, Hans; Frisk, Karin

doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0518-y

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A 200 nm copper thin film was deposited by old PVD system, acting as barrier layer since hydrogen diffusion in Cu is much lower than in Fe. It is reported in the literature that at room temperature (298 K) hydrogen diffusivity in fcc structure copper is (~10 −13 m 2 /s [46]) while in bcc structure α-iron is (~10 −8 m 2 /s [47]). The aim is to simulate the situation when before Pd coating PVD deposition the sample has already been covered by a contaminated layer or thick oxide which seriously impedes hydrogen to diffuse through.…”

Section: Theoretical Background: Potentiometric Hydrogen Electrode Mementioning

confidence: 99%

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

Krieger

Rohwerder

2019

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Quantitative detection of hydrogen in metal is important in providing a better basis for fundamental investigations of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-related corrosion phenomena. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) has long been used in characterizing different hydrogen traps inside materials. However, in TDS measurements, the diffusible hydrogen (hydrogen at interstitial sites and weakly bound hydrogen) is usually not detected. The Davanathan-Starchurski permeation technique can cover this shortage. However, for such experiments, the stability of the palladium at the exit side, i.e. in aqueous solution under high potential polarization is an important issue. Alternatively, a Kelvin probe-based (KP-based) potentiometric method developed a few years ago has shown to allow quantitative determination of hydrogen in metal. This method is based on measuring the hydrogen electrode potential on the Pd-coated surface. The aim of this work is to check the reliability of this method and to demonstrate its potential applications in determining the hydrogen amount distributed in both shallow and deep traps in steel. The results reveal that different crystallographic orientation, grain shapes and grain sizes of the deposited palladium film (in the range of variation in this work) do not cause relevant effects on the KP-based hydrogen detection. It is shown in this work that the time lag and permeation rate derived from the permeation curves obtained by this method show a very good reliability and the calculated hydrogen amount shows a good agreement with TDS results. 5 wt.% Ni ferritic steel is used as a model material in this work.

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Section: Theoretical Background: Potentiometric Hydrogen Electrode Mementioning

confidence: 99%

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

Krieger

Rohwerder

2019

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…Figure 13 -Predicted solubilities of hydrogen in copper determined from extrapolations of high-temperature measurements. Also shown is the solubility determined by the permeability divided by diffusivity [58], and the results of this study. The diffusivity equation reported by Magnusson [58] includes measurements over 6 orders of magnitude, and permeability equation is derived from data spanning 10 orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Quantifying the Solubility Of Hydrogen In Coppermentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Also shown is the solubility determined by the permeability divided by diffusivity [58], and the results of this study. The diffusivity equation reported by Magnusson [58] includes measurements over 6 orders of magnitude, and permeability equation is derived from data spanning 10 orders of magnitude. Both equations cover the temperature range of 25 °C to 730 °C so that extrapolation is not required.…”

Section: Quantifying the Solubility Of Hydrogen In Coppermentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Magnusson [58], the concentration is 10 -4 ppm by weight. Thus, the initial amount of hydrogen in copper, ̌ , is considered negligible.…”

Section: At Room Temperature Using the Sieverts Parameters Bymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Few direct measurements exist for hydrogen solubility in copper below 500 °C [58], necessitating extrapolations from higher temperatures. Figure 13 and Figure 14 illustrate the diversity of predictions made of hydrogen solubility in copper.…”

Section: Quantifying the Solubility Of Hydrogen In Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

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There are economic incentives to extend service of CANDU nuclear reactors in Ontario because of their reputation for safety and reliability. Pressure tubes made of zirconium alloys are vulnerable to failure by Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC), which limits the amount of hydrogen, stress, temperature, and service life. Recreating reactor end-of-life conditions for testing purposes requires a method of adding hydrogen quantitatively into zirconium alloys without modifying irradiation damage.The thesis demonstrates a promising mechanical hydriding technique that is suitable for adding hydrogen beyond the conventional solubility limit into zirconium alloys at 200 °C within hours, with 99 % accuracy and 3 % precision based on massbalance. The technique can be used to map the Zirconium-Hydride phase system. Results attributed to the delta ( -ZrHx) solvus have been measured and agree with reported values. Confidence in the model is reinforced by the determination of hydrogen solubility in a copper barrier, which was found to agree with theoretical predictions. 5.2.

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Few‐Hydrogen Metal‐Bonded Perovskite Superconductor MgHCu₃ with a Critical Temperature of 42 K under Atmospheric Pressure

Tian,

He,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Since the prediction of multi‐hydrogen high‐temperature superconductor by Ashcroft in 2004, many possible candidates have been proposed, e.g., LaH10 showing the highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc) around 250–260 K at 170‐200 GPa hitherto. However, this pressure is too large to be taken into practical use. To address this challenge, it proposes a few‐hydrogen metal‐bonded perovskite superconductor, MgHCu3, by combining a novel design idea with first‐principles calculations. Different from multi‐hydrogen hydrides, whose high Tc relies on extreme pressure, the metallic bond in few‐hydrogen superconductor MgHCu3 improves the structural stability and ductility at atmospheric pressure. Here, the small amount of hydrogen is found to be vital for Tc. After the incorporation of hydrogen, the electron–phonon coupling constant of MgHCu3 is increased to 0.83, which is larger than that of the well‐known MgB2. Moreover, the anisotropy of MgHCu3 also plays an important role in enhancing Tc. Based on the Migdal‐Eliashberg theory, it predicts that the phonon‐mediated metal‐bonded perovskite MgHCu3 is a superconductor with Tc of 42 K. The first predicted ternary metal‐bonded perovskite, MgHCu3, enriches the family of perovskite and will promote further investigation on few‐hydrogen superconductors under atmospheric pressure.

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Diffusion, Permeation and Solubility of Hydrogen in Copper

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

Mapping the Zirconium-Hydrogen Phase System

Few‐Hydrogen Metal‐Bonded Perovskite Superconductor MgHCu₃ with a Critical Temperature of 42 K under Atmospheric Pressure

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Diffusion, Permeation and Solubility of Hydrogen in Copper

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

On the robustness of the Kelvin probe based potentiometric hydrogen electrode method and its application in characterizing effective hydrogen activity in metal: 5 wt. % Ni cold-rolled ferritic steel as an example

Mapping the Zirconium-Hydrogen Phase System

Few‐Hydrogen Metal‐Bonded Perovskite Superconductor MgHCu3 with a Critical Temperature of 42 K under Atmospheric Pressure

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Product

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Few‐Hydrogen Metal‐Bonded Perovskite Superconductor MgHCu₃ with a Critical Temperature of 42 K under Atmospheric Pressure