Diffusion Kinetics of Boronized ASP®2012 Tool Steel Produced by Powder Metallurgy

Kayalı, Yusuf; Talaş, Şükrü; Yalçin, M. Cemaleddin; Kul, Milad; Yazar, Mustafa; Kir, Hilal

doi:10.1134/s2070205122050100

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The high values of boron activation energies in FeB and Fe 2 B are attributed to the effect of alloying elements present in the Bohler K190 steel. They are consistent with the literature data in the case of pack-boronizing process [27,28,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. In fact, the increase in alloying elements in the matrix steel tend to hinder the boron diffusion and act as a diffusion barrier that results in a reduction in layers' thicknesses.…”

Section: T (K)supporting

confidence: 91%

“…In a study by Keddam et al [51], the AISI 440C steel was plasma-paste boronized by employing the borax paste as a boron source. From Table 4, the obtained activation energy was the lowest (=134.62 kJ•mol −1 ) in comparison with those obtained or estimated in the case of powder-pack boriding [27,28,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. This situation is certainly ascribed to the activation of different species inside the generated plasma.…”

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The values of boron activation energies estimated from the present work were compared to other data reported in the literature in the case of boronized high-alloy steels [27,28,[43][44][45][46][47][48], as displayed in Table 4. It is clearly visible that the boron activation energies calculated or measured on these various materials are influenced by the key factors which include the following: The difference in chemical composition of substrate, the boriding process used to generate the boride coatings, the processing parameters, the nature of boron source, the calculation method or approach, and the nature of chemical reactions controlling the process.…”

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was applied to the AISI 316L steel substrates to form the bilayer (FeB/Fe 2 B) under a constant current input of 5 A with the possibility of changing the polarity in the cathodes. This process led to the reduction in boron activation energies in FeB and Fe 2 B in comparison with the conventional powder methods [27,28,[43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

Orihel¹,

Jurči²,

Кеддам

2023

Coatings

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In this study, the Bohler K190 steel, manufactured by the powder metallurgy (PM) process, was subjected to the boronizing process. This thermochemical treatment was carried out in the range of 1173 to 1323 K, for 1–10 h. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for examining the morphology of layers’ interfaces with a dual-phase nature and measuring the layers’ thicknesses. The obtained boronized layers had a maximum thickness of 113 ± 4.5 µm. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the presence of FeB and Fe2B layers. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and EDS point analysis were used to investigate the redistribution of chemical elements within the boronized layers and the transition zone. The values of Vickers microhardness of Fe2B, FeB, and transition zone were estimated. Finally, the boron activation energies in FeB and Fe2B were found to be 204.54 and 196.67 kJ·mol−1 based on the integral method and compared to the literature results.

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Section: T (K)supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: T (K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

Orihel¹,

Jurči²,

Кеддам

2023

Coatings

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“…The comparable values of boron activation energies were calculated for powder-pack borided AISI D2 steel using mean diffusion coefficient method (MDC) [34]. The significantly higher values were characteristic of borided ASP®2012 steel [35]. In a recent work, Turkoglu and Ay [36] compared the pack-boriding kinetics of AISI 304, AISI 420, and AISI 430 steels in the interval of 1123-1273 K. The deduced boron activation Campos-Silva [37] utilized a recent boriding process, named the pulsed-direct current powdered method, to surface harden the substrates of AISI 316 L steel.…”

Section: Deduced Results From the ˙Integral Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Growth Kinetics, Microstructure Evolution, and Some Mechanical Properties of Boride Layers Produced on X165CrV12 Tool Steel

et al. 2022

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The powder-pack boriding technique with an open retort was used to form borided layers on X165CrV12 tool steel. The process was carried out at 1123, 1173, and 1223 K for 3, 6, and 9 h. As a result of boriding the high-chromium substrate, the produced layers consisted of three zones: an outer FeB layer, an inner Fe2B layer, and a transition zone, below which the substrate material was present. Depending on the applied parameters of boriding, the total thickness of the borided layers ranged from 12.45 to 78.76 µm. The increased temperature, as well as longer duration, was accompanied by an increase in the thickness of the FeB zone and the total layer thickness. The integral diffusion model was utilized to kinetically describe the time evolution of the thickness of the FeB and (FeB + Fe2B) layers grown on the surface of powder-pack borided X165CrV12 steel. The activation energy of boron for the FeB phase was lower than that for the Fe2B phase. This suggested that the FeB phase could be formed before the Fe2B phase appeared in the microstructure. The high chromium concentration in X165CrV12 steel led to the formation of chromium borides in the borided layer, which increased the hardness (21.88 ± 1.35 GPa for FeB zone, 17.45 ± 1.20 GPa for Fe2B zone) and Young’s modulus (386.27 ± 27.04 GPa for FeB zone, 339.75 ± 17.44 GPa for Fe2B zone). The presence of the transition zone resulted from the accumulation of chromium and carbon atoms at the interface between the tips of Fe2B needles and the substrate material. The presence of hard iron and chromium borides provided significant improvement in the wear resistance of X165CrV12 steel. The powder-pack borided steel was characterized by a four times lower mass wear intensity factor and nine times lower ratio of mass loss to the length or wear path compared to the non-borided material.

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Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

Orihel¹,

Jurči²,

Кеддам³

2023

Preprint

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In this study, the Bohler K 190 steel was used. The steel was manufactured by the powder metallurgy (PM) process. The boronizing process was carried out in the range of 1173 to 1323 K, for 1-10 h. The samples were boronized in solid medium, called the Durborid powder mixture. For the microstructural observations, the scanning electron microscopy was utilized for determining the morphology of interfaces and measuring the layers’ thicknesses. The phase composition of boride layers was also determined with X-ray diffraction analysis. To investigate the redistribution of chemical elements redistribution during the boronizing process, the EDS mapping and EDS point analysis were used. The boride layers were constituted by FeB and Fe2B phases except for 1173 K for 1 h. The values of Vickers microhardness of Fe2B, FeB and transition zone were estimated. Finally, to assess the boron activation energies in FeB and Fe2B, the so-called integral method was applied and the results in terms of activation energies were confronted with the literature data.

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Diffusion Kinetics of Boronized ASP®2012 Tool Steel Produced by Powder Metallurgy

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

Growth Kinetics, Microstructure Evolution, and Some Mechanical Properties of Boride Layers Produced on X165CrV12 Tool Steel

Characterizations and Kinetic Modelling of Boride Layers on Bohler K190 Steel

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