“…The often proposed solutions of changing the composition from the metal side through ductile metal interlayers such as nickel or copper (see Yamada et al, 1987;Brito et al, 1989;Frisch et al, 1991), and/ or refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium or hafnium (see Suganuma etal., 1986;Yamada et al, 1987;Brito et al, 1989;Frisch et al, 1990 are, unfortunately, difficult to protect against fatigue andoxidation, respectively (Pejryd, 1992). The low-expansion characteristics of Invar and Kovar are restricted to relatively low temperatures (below 200 °C and 300 °C, respectively).…”