Diffuse optical localization of blood vessels and 3D printing for guiding oral surgery

Abstract

Diffuse optical imaging through centimeters of tissue has emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research. However, applications in the operating theater have been limited in part due to data set requirements and computational burden. We present an approach that uses a small number of optical source-detector pairs that allows for the fast localization of arteries in the roof of the mouth and has the potential to reduce complications during oral surgery. The arteries are modeled as multiple-point absorbers, allowing localization of their complex shapes. The method is demonstrated using a printed tissue-simulating mouth phantom. Furthermore, we use the extracted position information to fabricate a custom surgical guide using 3D printing that could protect the arteries during surgery.

Multiresolution Localization With Temporal Scanning for Super-Resolution Diffuse Optical Imaging of Fluorescence

“…These analytical solutions to the diffusion equation subject to boundary conditions have been shown to match Monte Carlo simulations [24] and experiments of photon propagation in highly scattering media [19]. It has been shown that small fluorescent inhomogeneities can be well approximated as point emitters because of the rapid attenuation of high spatial frequencies in scattering media [10], [19], [20], [25]. For this reason, imaging based on a point representation is possible.…”

“…Pacemaking neurons, which fire periodically at 2-3 Hz [47], may also prove useful for verification or for further constraining the methods. Absorption instead of fluorescent emitters could be localized [20], and the forward model could incorporate multiple point absorbers or emitters instead of just one [25]. There are other biomedical applications, such as the extraction of kinetic information [48], [49], as well as other physical problems where fast localization benefits the extraction of physical information.…”

“…To further characterize the fluorescent emitters, the yields η k , which are proportional to the fluorophore concentration, can also be estimated. We form the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation as [10], [19], [20], [25]…”

“…Importantly, in 2D, λ F depends cubically (or, in 3D, quartically) on the radius R f of the region of interest, but this is often simple to adjust. While (25) and (26) only provide an approximation for the probability of success of our localization algorithm, they are nonetheless useful for analyzing it and how it relates to the experimental setup.…”

Current Methods for the Assessment of Oxygen Status and Biotissue Microcirculation Condition: Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (Review)

“…Vascularization assessment during of organ and tissue reconstruction. DOS can visualize arteries in angiosurgical and plastic operations [69,70]. In the recent literature, a great number of reports describe successful results of DOS monitoring of superficially located skin fascial flaps used in breast reconstruction with tissue oxygenation assessment to the depth of 5-12 mm [71][72][73][74].…”