“…However, for all of them, the information is averaged over all the orientations of atoms in crystals. In principle, non-forbidden re¯ections in the XANES region (Templeton &Templeton, 1980, 1985, andreferences therein) and in the DAFS region (Stragier et al, 1992;Proetti et al, 1999) give information about non-averaged local atomic con®gurations. However, all the atoms, affected and not affected by impurities, give their contribution to the diffraction spectra.…”