Difficulties in the measurement of pulse-wave velocity

Klip, Willem

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(58)90190-x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…However, many factors deserve consideration. Some of these factors are related to hematological and cardiovascular physiology such as viscosity, gender, 20) age, 20) salt intake, 21) meals, 22) blood flow, 23) respiration, 24) and others are consecutive with pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension, 25) diabetes, 26) dyslipidemia, 27) arteriosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. 28) Hence, the effects of these conditions on PWV will be inevitable, which presents itself as a major disadvantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Color Doppler Tissue Imaging in Assessing the Elastic Properties of the Aorta and in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease</b>

et al. 2002

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SUMMARYWe hypothesized that the change in aortic elastic properties could directly be shown with color Doppler tissue imaging (CDTI), that these findings could be related to aortic stiffness and distensibility and that, through these, coronary artery disease (CAD) could be predicted.One hundred and twenty six patients (group I: 83 with CAD, mean age 54±10 years, 18 female, 65 male; group II: 43 without CAD, mean age 53±10 years, 27 female, 16 male) having been evaluated for coronary artery disease by angiography were examined by echocardiography. Arterial pressure was measured immediately before echocardiographic evaluation. Internal aortic systolic and diastolic diameters by M-mode echocardiography and aortic upper wall tissue velocities (Aortic S, E, A, m/sec) by CDTI were measured 3 cm above the aortic valve. Lateral mitral annulus tissue velocities (Annulus S, E, A, m/sec) were also recorded. Aortic distensibility (cm 2 •dynes -1 ) and aortic stiffness index were calculated using formulas. In the statistical analyses, CAD risk factors and left ventricular ejection fraction were used for adjustment.Aortic stiffness (2.79±3.49 vs 1.62±1.31, P=0.03), distensibility (1.55±1.46 vs 2.37±3.08, P=0.04), and aortic S velocity (0.057±0.016 vs 0.064±0.015, P=0.02) differed significantly between groups I and II. After adjustment, while aortic stiffness and S velocity were still statistically different (P=0.04; P=0.03 respectively), the significance of the difference in aortic distensibility disappeared (P=0.051). Aortic stiffness and aortic S velocity (0.06 m/sec<) were important CAD determinants (Odds ratio=1.4 P=0.03; Odds ratio=3.6 P=0.01, respectively), but aortic distensibility was not. Aortic stiffness was correlated only with aortic S velocity (r=-0.28, P=0.01), and aortic distensibility had a significantly positive correlation with aortic S velocity (r= 0.20, P=0.02). The interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficients for aortic S velocities were 0.65 and 0.71, respectively (P<0.05).Elastic properties of the aorta can directly be assessed by reproducibly measuring the movements in the upper wall of the aorta by CDTI. Reduced aortic S velocity is associFrom the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Color Doppler Tissue Imaging in Assessing the Elastic Properties of the Aorta and in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease</b>

et al. 2002

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“…Some investigators have considered this increase as indicating the presence of atherosclerotic processes, whereas others have interpreted it as a change occurring with age independently of atherosclerosis. High PWV values have been described in diabetics (12,13) and in patients with atherosclerosis (8,13), but others have found that the determination of PWV is unsuitable for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis (7,10,14).…”

Section: Principles Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Wave Velocity in the Human Aorta*

Nielsen

Fabricius

1968

J American Geriatrics Society

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After introduction of a catheter into the aorta, the pressure wave velocity was measured in 26 subjects whose ages ranged from 9 to 68 years. The first site of registration was approximately 10 cm from the aortic valve, and the second was 50 cm distal to the first. At both sites the time difference was measured between the R‐wave of the electrocardiogram and the foot of the pressure wave (TProx. and TDist.). The time difference T50 (TDist. – TProx.) and the distance between the sites of registration (50 cm) were used for the calculation of the pressure wave velocity (PWV). Four of the 26 subjects were normal; the others had some form of heart disease, including disease of the valves, hypertension and aortic atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the values found for pressure wave velocity were in agreement with those stated in literature. A significant correlation was found between T50 and age (r = —0.788), between T50 and the proximal systolic blood pressure (r = −0.537), and between T50 and the proximal pulse pressure (r = −0.491), but not between T50 and the cardiac output and peripheral arterial resistance. There was no correlation between the proximal diastolic blood pressure and T50, possibly owing to the fact that all the patients had a diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg. There was no significant difference between the coefficient of correlation for T50 and age (−0.788) and the multiple coefficient of correlation for T50 and age and systolic blood pressure proximal in the aorta (−0.811). Four patients had arteriographic aortic atherosclerosis. Two of these had lower T50 values than would be expected according to the proximal systolic blood pressure and the pulse pressure, but after exercise the values were within the normal range (±2 s.d.) Owing to the dominating influence of age on T50 and the considerable spreading of these values, it is not likely that the determination of pulse wave velocity will be of clinical value, for example, in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

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“…In addition, PWV measurement in the arm is useful as a noninvasive assessment of endothelial function and vascular tone 5 . However, many physiologic factors modify arterial stiffness, including increasing age, 6 blood pressure (BP), 7 eating, 8 respiration, 9 and psychological stress 10 . Due to the influence of these variables, standardized guidelines for the measurement of PWV have been published 11 …”

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confidence: 99%

An Innovative Piezoelectric‐Based Method for Measuring Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients With Hypertension

Murphy

Morrison

McLaughlin

et al. 2011

J of Clinical Hypertension

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2Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an accepted surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and may be a useful tool for assessing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. The authors sought to compare a novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric-based sensing device for measuring PWV in the arm with a validated SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical, West Ryde, Australia) in normal and hypertensive patients. They also sought to compare measured PWV in the forearm (brachial-radial PWV [BRPWV]) with values obtained in the carotid-radial segment (carotid-radial PWV [CRPWV]). Under standardized conditions, CRPWV in 108 normotensive patients with both devices was measured. BRPWV was measured with the PVDF device. Identical measurements were made in a group of 82 hypertensive patients before and after optimization of blood pressure control. Mean CRPWV was 8.7 m ⁄ s in the normotensive group and 9.4 m ⁄ s in the hypertensive group. Mean BRPWV was 9.2 m ⁄ s in the normotensive group and 10.3 m ⁄ s in the hypertensive group. There was excellent correlation between the 2 devices when comparing individual CRPWV values (normotensive group, R 2 =0.92; mean bias 0.04 m ⁄ s; hypertensive group, R 2 =0.89, mean bias 0.08 m ⁄ s). Correlation was also favorable when measuring changes in CRPWV in hypertensive patients undergoing pharmacotherapy (PVDF )0.52AE0.90 m ⁄ s vs SphygmoCor )0.53AE1.01 m ⁄ s; R 2

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Difficulties in the measurement of pulse-wave velocity

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

<b>Color Doppler Tissue Imaging in Assessing the Elastic Properties of the Aorta and in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease</b>

<b>Color Doppler Tissue Imaging in Assessing the Elastic Properties of the Aorta and in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease</b>

Pressure Wave Velocity in the Human Aorta*

An Innovative Piezoelectric‐Based Method for Measuring Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients With Hypertension

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