Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens: the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution

Lachmuth, Susanne; Durka, Walter; Schurr, Frank M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with recent advances in invasive plant evolution research [12], [57], our results indicate that GD and invasion history play a role in shaping the genetic structure of the species. The observed levels of PP and the climate-dependent importance of EME suggest a high potential for future migration to climatic zones not yet exploited.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Rapid Plant Invasion in Distinct Climates Involves Different Sources of Phenotypic Variation

et al. 2013

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When exotic species spread over novel environments, their phenotype will depend on a combination of different processes, including phenotypic plasticity (PP), local adaptation (LA), environmental maternal effects (EME) and genetic drift (GD). Few attempts have been made to simultaneously address the importance of those processes in plant invasion. The present study uses the well-documented invasion history of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) in southern France, where it was introduced at a single wool-processing site. It gradually invaded the Mediterranean coast and the Pyrenean Mountains, which have noticeably different climates. We used seeds from Pyrenean and Mediterranean populations, as well as populations from the first introduction area, to explore the phenotypic variation related to climatic variation. A reciprocal sowing experiment was performed with gardens under Mediterranean and Pyrenean climates. We analyzed climatic phenotypic variation in germination, growth, reproduction, leaf physiology and survival. Genetic structure in the studied invasion area was characterized using AFLP. We found consistent genetic differentiation in growth traits but no home-site advantage, so weak support for LA to climate. In contrast, genetic differentiation showed a relationship with colonization history. PP in response to climate was observed for most traits, and it played an important role in leaf trait variation. EME mediated by seed mass influenced all but leaf traits in a Pyrenean climate. Heavier, earlier-germinating seeds produced larger individuals that produced more flower heads throughout the growing season. However, in the Mediterranean garden, seed mass only influenced the germination rate. The results show that phenotypic variation in response to climate depends on various ecological and evolutionary processes associated with geographical zone and life history traits. Seeing the relative importance of EME and GD, we argue that a “local adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity” approach is therefore not sufficient to fully understand what shapes phenotypic variation and genetic architecture of invasive populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A recent study [57] suggested that the local-scale competitive regime acts as an important selection pressure within the invaded range of S. inaequidens . Further research is needed to fully understand the clinal trend in plant size in this species, but the present study suggests climate does not act as a major selection pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Plant Invasion in Distinct Climates Involves Different Sources of Phenotypic Variation

et al. 2013

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“…Such trade-offs and their role in the invasion process have been assessed by several studies (Hodgins and Rieseberg 2011; Lachmuth et al. 2011; Kumschick et al. 2013; Turner et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2014), but these attempts are complicated by the variability of favored strategies between different habitats (Lachmuth et al. 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive plasticity and niche expansion in an invasive thistle

Turner

Fréville

Rieseberg

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Phenotypic differentiation in size and fecundity between native and invasive populations of a species has been suggested as a causal driver of invasion in plants. Local adaptation to novel environmental conditions through a micro-evolutionary response to natural selection may lead to phenotypic differentiation and fitness advantages in the invaded range. Local adaptation may occur along a stress tolerance trade-off, favoring individuals that, in benign conditions, shift resource allocation from stress tolerance to increased vigor and fecundity and, therefore, invasiveness. Alternately, the typically disturbed invaded range may select for a plastic, generalist strategy, making phenotypic plasticity the main driver of invasion success. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we performed a field common garden and tested for genetically based phenotypic differentiation, resource allocation shifts in response to water limitation, and local adaptation to the environmental gradient which describes the source locations for native and invasive populations of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa). Plants were grown in an experimental field in France (naturalized range) under water addition and limitation conditions. After accounting for phenotypic variation arising from environmental differences among collection locations, we found evidence of genetic variation between the invasive and native populations for most morphological and life-history traits under study. Invasive C. diffusa populations produced larger, later maturing, and therefore potentially fitter individuals than native populations. Evidence for local adaptation along a resource allocation trade-off for water limitation tolerance is equivocal. However, native populations do show evidence of local adaptation to an environmental gradient, a relationship which is typically not observed in the invaded range. Broader analysis of the climatic niche inhabited by the species in both ranges suggests that the physiological tolerances of C. diffusa may have expanded in the invaded range. This observation could be due to selection for plastic, “general-purpose” genotypes with broad environmental tolerances.

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“…An increasing number of studies have observed genetically based clinical variations and locally adapted populations for a number of invasive species within their invaded ranges (Maron et al 2004;Leger and Rice 2007;Dlugosch and Parker 2008;Colautti et al 2009;Lachmuth et al 2011), indicating the importance of rapid evolution to plant invasion during colonization or naturalization. Hairston et al (2005) defined rapid evolution as ''genetic change occurring rapidly enough to have a measurable impact on simultaneous ecological change.''…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Plasticity in the Invasion of Crofton Weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) in China

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2012

Weed sci.

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Phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution are two important strategies by which invasive species adapt to a wide range of environments and consequently are closely associated with plant invasion. To test their importance in invasion success of Crofton weed, we examined the phenotypic response and genetic variation of the weed by conducting a field investigation, common garden experiments, and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis on 16 populations in China. Molecular markers revealed low genetic variation among and within the sampled populations. There were significant differences in leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and seed number (SN) among field populations, and plasticity index (PI v ) for LA, SLA, and SN were 0.62, 0.46 and 0.85, respectively. Regression analyses revealed a significant quadratic effect of latitude of population origin on LA, SLA, and SN based on field data but not on traits in the common garden experiments (greenhouse and open air). Plants from different populations showed similar reaction norms across the two common gardens for functional traits. LA, SLA, aboveground biomass, plant height at harvest, first flowering day, and life span were higher in the greenhouse than in the open-air garden, whereas SN was lower. Growth conditions (greenhouse vs. open air) and the interactions between growth condition and population origin significantly affect plant traits. The combined evidence suggests high phenotypic plasticity but low genetically based variation for functional traits of Crofton weed in the invaded range. Therefore, we suggest that phenotypic plasticity is the primary strategy for Crofton weed as an aggressive invader that can adapt to diverse environments in China. Nomenclature: Crofton weed, Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng EUPAD.

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Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens: the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution

Cited by 52 publications

References 77 publications

Rapid Plant Invasion in Distinct Climates Involves Different Sources of Phenotypic Variation

Rapid Plant Invasion in Distinct Climates Involves Different Sources of Phenotypic Variation

Adaptive plasticity and niche expansion in an invasive thistle

Phenotypic Plasticity in the Invasion of Crofton Weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) in China

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