Adaptive plasticity and niche expansion in an invasive thistle

Turner, Kathryn G.; Fréville, Hélène; Rieseberg, Loren H.

doi:10.1002/ece3.1599

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…The ability to perform well across a broad range of climatic conditions is thought to be an important driver of invasion success (Turner et al. ). Although we did not explicitly test for local adaptation, our results clearly indicate that C. canadensis might show large adaptive variation to climate, and this may have facilitated its spread across the unusually large climatic gradient in its nonnative ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate outweighs native vs. nonnative range‐effects for genetics and common garden performance of a cosmopolitan weed

Rosche

Hensen

Schaar

et al. 2019

Ecological Monographs

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Comparing genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and performance between native and nonnative populations has advanced our knowledge of contemporary evolution and its ecological consequences. However, such between‐range comparisons can be complicated by high among‐population variation within native and nonnative ranges. For example, native vs. nonnative comparisons between small and non‐representative subsets of populations for species with very large distributions have the potential to mislead because they may not sufficiently account for within‐range adaptation to climatic conditions, and demographic history that may lead to non‐adaptive evolution. We used the cosmopolitan weed Conyza canadensis to study the interplay of adaptive and demographic processes across, to our knowledge, the broadest climatic gradient yet investigated in this context. To examine the distribution of genetic diversity, we genotyped 26 native and 26 nonnative populations at 12 microsatellite loci. Furthermore, we recorded performance traits for 12 native and 13 nonnative populations in the field and in the common garden. To analyze how performance was related to range and/or climate, we fit pedigree mixed‐effects models. These models weighed the population random effect for co‐ancestry to account for the influence of demographic history on phenotypic among‐population differentiation. Genetic diversity was very low, selfing rates were very high, and both were comparable between native and nonnative ranges. Nonnative populations out‐performed native populations in the field. However, our most salient result was that both neutral genetic differentiation and common garden performance were far more correlated with the climatic conditions from which populations originated than native vs. nonnative range affiliation. Including co‐ancestry of our populations in our models greatly increased explained variance and our ability to detect significant main effects for among‐population variation in performance. High propagule pressure and high selfing rates, in concert with the ability to adapt rapidly to climatic gradients, may have facilitated the global success of this weed. Neither native nor nonnative populations were homogeneous groups but responded comparably to similar environments in each range. We suggest that studies of contemporary evolution should consider widely distributed and genotyped populations to disentangle native vs. nonnative range effects from varying adaptive processes within ranges and from potentially confounding effects of demographic history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate outweighs native vs. nonnative range‐effects for genetics and common garden performance of a cosmopolitan weed

Rosche

Hensen

Schaar

et al. 2019

Ecological Monographs

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“…Accordingly, during colonization, exotic genotypes might also have been selected for high phenotypic plasticity in the exotic range New Zealand (Oplaat and Verhoeven , Turner et al. ). Resulting enhanced UV‐B tolerance furthermore explains higher plasticity in terms of a stronger increase in productivity (total biomass) in the exotic range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high ultraviolet‐B radiation: a reciprocal multispecies experiment

Hock

Hofmann

Müller

et al. 2019

Ecology

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensities differ among global regions, with significantly higher levels in the southern hemisphere. UV‐B may act as an environmental filter during plant invasions, which might particularly apply to plant species from Europe introduced to New Zealand. Just like for any other abiotic or biotic filter, successful invaders can cope with novel environmental conditions via plastic responses and/or through rapid adaptation by natural selection in the exotic range. We conducted a multispecies experiment with herbaceous plants in two common gardens located in the species’ native and exotic ranges, in Germany and New Zealand, respectively. We used plants of German and New Zealand origin of eight species to test for adaptation to higher UV‐B radiation in their new range. In each common garden, all plants were exposed to three radiation treatments: (1) ambient sunlight, (2) exclusion of UV‐B while transmitting ambient UV‐A, and (3) combined exclusion of UV‐B and UV‐A. Linear mixed‐effect models revealed significant effects of UV‐B on growth and leaf traits and an indication for UV‐B‐induced biomass reduction in both common gardens pointing to an impact of natural, ambient UV radiation intensities experienced by plants in the northern and in the southern hemisphere. In both common gardens, the respective local plants (i.e., German origins in Germany, New Zealand origins in New Zealand) displayed enhanced productivity and aboveground biomass allocation, thus providing evidence for recent evolutionary processes in the exotic range. Genetic differentiation between different origins in consequence of divergent local selection pressures was found for specific leaf area. This differentiation particularly hints at different selective forces in both ranges while only little evidence was found for an immediate selective effect of high UV‐B intensities in the exotic range. However, reaction norm slopes across ranges revealed higher plasticity of exotic individuals in functional leaf traits that might allow for a more sensitive regulation of photoprotection measures in response to UV‐B. During the colonization, New Zealand populations might have been selected for the observed higher phenotypic plasticity and a consequently increased ability to successfully spread in the exotic range.

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“…Similarly, the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) postulates that release from specialist herbivores within the introduced range favors genotypes allocating resources to growth and reproduction in lieu of defence (Blossey & Notzold, 1995). Evidence for such adaptive divergence of invasive populations is however equivocal (Felker-Quinn, Schweitzer, & Bailey, 2013) perhaps due to allocation trade-offs among multiple competing functions (Mole, 1994;Züst & Agrawal, 2017), variation in resource availability or acquisition (Uesugi, Connallon, Kessler, & Monro, 2017;Züst & Agrawal, 2017), interplay with nonadaptive processes (Estoup et al, 2016;Facon et al, 2006;Lee, 2002;Prentis, Wilson, Dormontt, Richardson, & Lowe, 2008;Rius & Darling, 2014), or other selective factors, such as climate, playing an important role in governing patterns of trait variation within and between ranges (Lachmuth, Durka, & Schurr, 2011;Turner, Fréville, & Rieseberg, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid growth and defence evolution following multiple introductions

Boheemen

Bou-Assi

Uesugi

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Rapid adaptation can aid invasive populations in their competitive success. Resource allocation trade‐off hypotheses predict higher resource availability or the lack of natural enemies in introduced ranges allow for increased growth and reproduction, thus contributing to invasive success. Evidence for such hypotheses is however equivocal and tests among multiple ranges over productivity gradients are required to provide a better understanding of the general applicability of these theories. Using common gardens, we investigated the adaptive divergence of various constitutive and inducible defence‐related traits between the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges, while controlling for divergence due to latitudinal trait clines, individual resource budgets, and population differentiation, using >11,000 SNPs. Rapid, repeated clinal adaptation in defence‐related traits was apparent despite distinct demographic histories. We also identified divergence among ranges in some defence‐related traits, although differences in energy budgets among ranges may explain some, but not all, defence‐related trait divergence. We do not identify a general reduction in defence in concert with an increase in growth among the multiple introduced ranges as predicted trade‐off hypotheses. Synthesis : The rapid spread of invasive species is affected by a multitude of factors, likely including adaptation to climate and escape from natural enemies. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying invasives' success enhances understanding of eco‐evolutionary theory and is essential to inform management strategies in the face of ongoing climate change. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has been awarded Open Materials, Open Data, Preregistered Research Designs Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8028875.v1 , https://github.com/lotteanna/defence_adaptation , https://doi.org/10.1101/435271 .

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Adaptive plasticity and niche expansion in an invasive thistle

Cited by 46 publications

References 76 publications

Climate outweighs native vs. nonnative range‐effects for genetics and common garden performance of a cosmopolitan weed

Climate outweighs native vs. nonnative range‐effects for genetics and common garden performance of a cosmopolitan weed

Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high ultraviolet‐B radiation: a reciprocal multispecies experiment

Rapid growth and defence evolution following multiple introductions

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