Differentiation of freezing tolerance and vernalization responses in Cruciferae exposed to a low temperature

Laroche, André; Geng, X.-M.; Singh, Jas

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00994.x

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…4). Leaves from all three species are capable of developing frost tolerance after cold acclimation (Gilmour et al, 1988;Laroche et al, 1992). Neither the cold-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -20°C----2°C --- Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strong hybridization signal to pBN115 was also observed for RNA isolated from leaves of D. sophia (flixweed) acclimated at 2°C. Flixweed cold acclimates more quickly and is capable of developing a higher degree of freezing tolerance than any other crucifer tested (Laroche et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this cannot entirely preclude the role of low temperature in pBN115 transcript stability, it suggests that the accumulation of the transcript(s) hybridizing to pBN115 is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, at least in the early stages of exposure to low temperature. Maintenance of elevated levels of the transcript corresponding to pBNl 15 for up to 10 weeks could be accomplished by continued transcription and/or enhanced stabilization of transcripts at 2°C and may be consistent with the requirement for long periods of cold acclimation and vernalization required by winter B. napus to develop freezing tolerance and the ability to flower, respectively (Laroche et al, 1992). Our observation that pBNl 15 hybridized to transcripts observed in cold-acclimated spring B. napus and Arabidopsis suggests that the gene encoding BN115 is unlikely to be involved only in vernalization, because spring Brassica and Arabidopsis do not require a period of low-temperature growth to flower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Three Related Low-Temperature-Regulated cDNAs from Winter Brassica napus

Weretilnyk¹,

Orr²,

White³

et al. 1993

Plant Physiol.

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~A cDNA clone, pBNll5, encoding a low-temperature-regulated transcript in winter Brassica napus has been isolated. Northern blot analyses show that levels of transcripts hybridizing to p B N l l 5 increase within 24 h of exposure of B. napus to low temperature, peak at 3 d, and then remain at an elevated level for the duration of the cold treatment (up t o 10 weeks). Transferring plants from 2°C to room temperature results i n the loss of detectable transcripts hybridizing to p B N l l 5 within 1 d. The transcript was not detected in RNA isolated from roots of cold-acclimated B. napus. Results of in vivo labeling of nascent RNA in leaf discs of B. napus with thiouridine suggest that regulation of expression may be transcriptional, at least at the onset of cold temperature. Although drought stress leads t o a slight increase in transcript level at room temperature, neither a brief exposure to elevated temperatures nor exogenous application of abscisic acid resulted in the appearance of the transcript represented by pBNll5. Furthermore, transcripts hybridizing to p B N l l 5 were present at the same levels whether the plants were acclimated in the light or dark. Hybridization experiments show that p B N l l 5 hybridizes strongly to cold-regu- Low temperature is a major trigger for the acquisition of freezing tolerance in plants capable of cold acclimation (Levitt, 1980). Although it has been shown that biochemical, morphological, and physiological changes occur in plant cells during cold acclimation (Sakai and Larcher, 1987; JohnsonFlanagan and Singh, 1988;Singh and Laroche, 1988;Guy, 1990)' direct evidence was obtained only recently to show that low temperature regulated the accumulation of specific mRNAs during cold acclimation (Thomashow, 1990). The appearance of nove1 transcripts during cold acclimation has been observed in alfalfa (Mohapatra et al., 1989), wheat (Lin et al., 1990; Houde et al., 1991), barley (Cattivelli and Bartels, 1990;Dunn et al., 1990), Arabidopsis (Hajela et al., 1990; ' Publication No. 1414 171 Kurkela and Franck, 1990;Nordin et al., 1991; Gilmour et al., 1992), and Brassica (Orr et al., 1992). Furthermore, DNA sequences corresponding to these cold-specific or cold-regulated transcripts have also been isolated and characterized by differential screening of cDNA libraries constructed from these species. These mRNAs appear rapidly upon exposure of the plant to low temperatures, and deduced amino acid sequences of the products of some of these cold-regulated genes have been determined. A number of cold-induced transcripts have been shown to hybridize to transcripts of rab (responsive to ABA) genes (Hahn and Walbot, 1989) or to encode polypeptides containing amino acid sequence motifs (Guo et al., 1991; Gilmour et al., 1992;Houde et al., 1992) found in rab proteins (Skriver and Mundy, 1990), suggesting that they may play a role in the toleration of the cellular desiccation stress that accompanies extracellular freezing. Other cold-induced transcripts encode polypeptides containi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Three Related Low-Temperature-Regulated cDNAs from Winter Brassica napus

Weretilnyk¹,

Orr²,

White³

et al. 1993

Plant Physiol.

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“…For example, the transcript levels for Phe ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase increase 10-fold in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to low temperature (Leyva et al, 1991). Laroche et al (1992) suggested that amplification and differential methylation of rDNA may be related to vernalization rather than freezing tolerance. Although there are reports that exposure of chilling-sensitive plants to low temperatures alters gene expression (Hahn and Walbot, 1989;Christie et al, 1991;Christie and Walbot, 1991), these responses may be pathological symptoms of stress rather than adaptive responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of COR6.6 and COR15am Polypeptides Encoded by COR (Cold-Regulated) Genes of Arabidopsis thaliana on the Freeze-Induced Fusion and Leakage of Liposomes

et al. 1996

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Severa1 cold-regulated (COR) polypeptides, which have little or no amino acid sequence identity with known proteins, are synthesized during cold acclimation of Arabidopsis fhaliana. However, the function of the polypeptides has yet to be elucidated. l h e objective of this study was to determine if COR6.6 and COR15am influence the incidence of either freeze-induced fusion or freeze-induced leakage of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of either a single species of phosphatidylcholine (either 1 -palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-, dioleoyl-, or dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine), a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and free sterols (1 :I :I, mol:mol), or the total lipid extract of the plasma membrane of either nonacclimated or cold-acclimated rye leaves. When the SUVs were suspended in a dilute tris(hydroxymethy1)-aminomethane/2-(Kmorpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer, both COR6.6 and CORl 5am invariably decreased the incidence of freeze-induced fusion regardless of the lipid composition. However, if the SUVs were suspended i n a dilute solution of either sucrose or NaCI, the COR polypeptides had little or no effect on the incidence of freeze-induced fusion. Moreover, the COR polypeptides did not decrease the incidence of freeze-induced leakage-regardless of whether the SUVs were suspended i n either the dilute buffer alone or with added sucrose or NaCI. I n fact, with SUVs composed of a single species of phosphatidylcholine suspended in the dilute buffer, the COR polypeptides resulted in an anomalous increase in freezeinduced leakage. When considered collectively, these results suggest that neither COR6.6 nor COR15am has a direct cryoprotective effect on SUVs frozen in vitro.Currently, there is considerable interest in the molecular biology of cold acclimation in plants and the possibility of using genetic engineering techniques for increasing freezing tolerance. Since Guy et al. (1985) first reported altered gene expression during cold acclimation, substantial progress has been made in identifying genes that are regulated during cold acclimation and characterizing the polypeptides that are encoded by these genes (see recent reviews by Guy, 1990; Tho-

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“…Amplification of satellite DNA was demonstrated in orchid in response to hormones, 6 in Vicia faba during de-differentiation of root cells, 7 and in tobacco in response to wounding or tobacco mosaic virus infection. 8 Changes in rDNA copy number were seen in Brassica napus and Descurainia sophia during low temperature acclimation, 9 and variability in DNA content influenced by light quality and quantity was demonstrated in sunflowers. 10,11 Therefore, the understanding of the control of the genomic changes that take place in flax has the potential to be applied to similar changes that take place in a wide variety of plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

The loci controlling plasticity in flax

Bickel¹,

Lukacs²,

Cullis³

2012

RRB

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Flax undergoes heritable genomic changes in response to nutrient stress, including changes in total DNA content, rDNA copy number variation, and the appearance of Linum Insertion Sequence 1 (LIS-1). The nature of the genomic changes suggests a very different mechanism, which is not yet understood, from that of other DNA changes in response to stress, such as the activation of transposable elements. To identify the genes that control genomic changes in response to stress in flax, reciprocal crosses were made between a responsive flax line, Stormont cirrus, and an unresponsive line, Bethune. The ability of the F2 generation (from selfed F1 plants) to respond to nutrient stress was assayed using the insertion of LIS-1 as the criteria for responsiveness. Twenty-nine out of 89 F2s responded at 5 weeks, suggesting that 3-4 dominant loci were all necessary for early LIS-1 insertion. Seventy out of 76 responded at 10 weeks, indicating two dominant loci independently capable of initiating LIS-1 insertion under prolonged nutrient stress. F1 plants and their progeny with either Pl or Bethune as the maternal parent were capable of responding with LIS-1 insertion, indicating that LIS-1 insertion is under nuclear genetic control and does not involve maternal factors. Thus, a small number of loci within the genome of Stormont cirrus appear to control the ability to respond to nutrient stress with LIS-1 insertion. A genetic map of the flax genome is currently under construction, and will be used to identify these loci within the genome.

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Differentiation of freezing tolerance and vernalization responses in Cruciferae exposed to a low temperature

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of Three Related Low-Temperature-Regulated cDNAs from Winter Brassica napus

Characterization of Three Related Low-Temperature-Regulated cDNAs from Winter Brassica napus

Effects of COR6.6 and COR15am Polypeptides Encoded by COR (Cold-Regulated) Genes of Arabidopsis thaliana on the Freeze-Induced Fusion and Leakage of Liposomes

The loci controlling plasticity in flax

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