Differential Virulence Gene Expression of Group A Streptococcus Serotype M3 in Response to Co-Culture with Moraxella catarrhalis

Verhaegh, Suzanne J. C.; Belkum, Alex van; Musser, James M.; Hays, John P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062549

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…From the results it is noteworthy that in contrast to the infectious process of some other body systems, the URTI, particularly rhinosinusitis, ethmoiditis, rhinopharyngitis and adenoiditis most often (in more than 70% of cases) were with polymicrobial etiology. Similar results have also been reported in our earlier studies as well as other authors (3,4,13,14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Microbiological Features of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgarian Children for the Period 1998-2014

et al. 2016

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Background: Across the globe, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most prevalent cause of morbidity in childhood. Aims: The aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and etiology of bacterial URTIs in Bulgarian children, as well as the increasing antimicrobial resistance to the most common etiologic agents over a period of 17 years. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methods:The study material comprised the data from 4768 patients (aged 1-16 years) with URTI during the period from 1998-2014. Specific microbiology agent detection was performed by culture examination. Susceptibilities to the investigated pathogens were determined by the disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of β-lactam resistance genes. Results: We identified the following as the most common URTI bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae (40.94%), Streptococcus pyogenes (34.16%), Haemophilus influenzae (44.23%), Moraxella catarrhalis (39.19%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23.88%). In more than 70% of cases, a polymicrobial etiology was found. The most commonly affected individuals were pre-school-aged children, which accounted for more than 36% of all patients. During the study period, a dramatic increase in resistance to antibiotic agents was observed. The most frequent types of resistance were the enzymatic inactivation of penicillins and cephalosporins (close to 100% in staphylococci and moraxellae) and inducible macrolide-lincozamide resistance (about 20% of Gram-positive cocci). Conclusion: Due to mandatory immunization against pneumococci and H. influenzae in Bulgaria and the vast expanding resistance to the most popular antimicrobial agents changes in the etiology of URTI have recently been noted. Regular analysis of this etiological dynamic and the antimicrobial resistance of respiratory pathogens is important for choosing the correct therapy and successful treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This secondary infection is usually a bacterial one originating from the conditionally pathogenic microorganisms composing the normal colonizing flora of nasopharynx (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

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Microbiological Features of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgarian Children for the Period 1998-2014

et al. 2016

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“…As a consequence, gene expression in a pathogenic species is influenced by the presence of other pathogens as well as resident microflora within the host [ 7 ]. Some recent studies concerned with analyzing an individual pathogenic species gene expression in response to the presence of resident species in lung environment [ 56 , 7 ]. However there is a lack of comprehensive studies portraying the pattern of gene expression in the lung pathogenic species in the presence of other pathogenic strains in the lung environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genome-scale Expression Network in Four Major Bacterial Residents of Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Hosseinkhan¹,

Zarrineh²,

Masoudi‐Nejad

2014

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In polymicrobial communities where several species co-exist in a certain niche and consequently the possibility of interactions among species is very high, gene expression data sources can give better insights in to underlying adaptation mechanisms assumed by bacteria. Furthermore, several possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions among species can be investigated through gene expression comparisons. Lung is one of the habitats harboring several distinct pathogens during severe pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Expression data analysis of these lung residents can help to gain a better understanding on how these species interact with each other within the host cells. The first part of this paper deals with introducing available data sources for the major bacteria responsible for causing lung diseases and their genomic relations. In the second part, the main focus is on the studies concerning gene expression analyses of these species.

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“…Less common species recovered from patients presenting with symptoms of pharyngitis or with a clinical diagnosis of pharyngitis include Fusobacterium necrophorum ,21 described in a recent study as a true pathogen rather than a colonizer of the oropharynx,22 and the Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis , which can cause severe or recurrent pharyngitis,3,17,23 although there is insufficient evidence of a role for S. dysgalactiae in other adverse outcomes 324 which may be significant considering that separate studies have demonstrated that M. catarrhalis potentiates the adhesion of S. pyogenes to the nasopharyngeal epithelium 25,26. Other bacteria cultured from patients with pharyngitis include Haemophilus influenza ,27 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 28 and the opportunistic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus , although the clinical significance of S. aureus association is not known 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of bactericidal action of amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges against oropharyngeal organisms implicated in pharyngitis

Matthews¹,

Atkinson²,

Shephard³

2018

IJGM

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PurposePharyngitis is commonly caused by a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and symptoms typically include sore throat. Antibiotics are often inappropriately used for the treatment of pharyngitis, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, therefore non-antibiotic treatments which have broad antiseptic effects may be more appropriate. Amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) are present in some antiseptic lozenges and have established benefits in providing symptomatic relief and some in vitro antiviral action.MethodsSeven bacterial species associated with pharyngitis, namely Streptococcus pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenza, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and Staphylococcus aureus, were exposed to an AMC/DCBA lozenge dissolved in artificial saliva. In vitro bactericidal activity was measured as a log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs).ResultsBactericidal activity was recorded against all organisms after 1 minute. Greater than 3 log10 reductions in CFUs were observed at 1 minute for S. pyogenes (log10 reduction CFU/mL ± SD, 5.7±0.1), H. influenza (6.1±0.1), A. haemolyticum (6.5±0.0) and F. necrophorum (6.5±0.0), at 5 minutes for S. dysgalactiae (6.3±0.0) and M. catarrhalis (5.0±0.9) and at 10 minutes for S. aureus (3.5±0.1).ConclusionAn AMC/DCBA lozenge demonstrated a greater than 99.9% reduction in CFUs against all tested species within 10 minutes, which is consistent with the time a lozenge remains in the mouth. Patients with uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis may benefit from the antibacterial action of antiseptic AMC/DCBA lozenges. Furthermore, AMC/DCBA lozenges may be more relevant and appropriate than antibiotics for pharyngitis associated with a self-limiting viral URTI.

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Differential Virulence Gene Expression of Group A Streptococcus Serotype M3 in Response to Co-Culture with Moraxella catarrhalis

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Microbiological Features of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgarian Children for the Period 1998-2014

Microbiological Features of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgarian Children for the Period 1998-2014

Analysis of Genome-scale Expression Network in Four Major Bacterial Residents of Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Spectrum of bactericidal action of amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges against oropharyngeal organisms implicated in pharyngitis

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