Differential Transmission of Isolates of the High Plains virus by Different Sources of Wheat Curl Mites

Abstract

High Plains virus (HPV) isolates from Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Texas, and Utah were serologically related, had similar relative molecular masses (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) for the 32-kDa diagnostic HPV protein, and were transmissible and maintained free of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) by vascular puncture inoculation. Collections of wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella Keifer; WCM) from Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Texas differentially transmitted these isolates. For collections from South Dakota and Texas, little or no HPV transmission occurred, whereas WCM from Nebraska and Montana transmitted all five isolates. The collection from Kansas mostly transmitted only one HPV isolate. Aviruliferous or viruliferous WSMV Nebraska WCM transmitted HPV at similar rates and aviruliferous Montana WCM transmitted HPV at lower levels than viruliferous Montana WCM.

Differential Transmission of Two Isolates ofWheat streak mosaic virusby Five Wheat Curl Mite Populations

“…Our findings also indicate that MT mite populations transmitted Sidney 81 at a higher rate than what was reported when transmission was from source plants coinoculated with TriMV (Oliveira-Hofman et al 2015). Seifers et al (2002), using multiple mite transfers (10 per test plant), observed similar transmission rates (82 to 100%) of WSMV (unnamed isolate) by MT, SD, and NE mite populations. The NE mite population is an efficient vector of TriMV (41% using single-mite transfers and 100% with multiple-mite transfers), whereas SD and MT are inefficient vectors (2.5% using multiple-mite transfers) .…”

“…The NE mite population is an efficient vector of TriMV (41% using single-mite transfers and 100% with multiple-mite transfers), whereas SD and MT are inefficient vectors (2.5% using multiple-mite transfers) . WMoV isolates were differentially transmitted (using 10-mite transfers) by NE (9 to 74%), and MT (1 to 94%) but not SD mite populations (Seifers et al 2002). No studies have been carried out to determine the ability of the recently collected T1 and T2 mite populations to transmit TriMV or WMoV virus species or their isolates.…”

“…The five mite populations were designated Montana (MT), South Dakota (SD), Nebraska (NE), Type 1 (T1), and Type 2 (T2). MT, SD, and NE are populations that were established 19 years ago and are the same as those used to evaluate mite resistance in WCM-resistant wheat varieties (Harvey et al 1999), transmission of WMoV (Seifers et al 2002), mite genotype characterization (Hein et al 2012), TriMV transmission , and cotransmission of WSMV and TriMV (Oliveira-Hofman et al 2015). The WSMV Sidney 81 strain was collected from western Nebraska in 1981 (Brakke et al 1990).…”

“…They also differ in their ability to transmit the three wheat viruses found in the Great Plains. The type 2 genotype transmits TriMV and WMoV more efficiently compared with the type 1 genotype Oliveira-Hofman et al 2015;Seifers et al 2002). Oliveira-Hofman et al (2015) found that transmission of WSMV by type 2 mites is higher from singly infected source plants than those coinfected with TriMV.…”

“…In addition, Schiffer et al (2009) demonstrated that the type 1 genotype from Australia was unable to transmit an unknown strain of WSMV. Available literature documents WSMV transmission using multiple mites (Seifers et al 2002) or from source plants coinfected with WSMV or TriMV (Oliveira-Hofman et al 2015). Little has been done to document specific effects of various virus strains or mite genotypes on WSMV transmission.…”