Differential Transmission of Two Isolates ofWheat streak mosaic virusby Five Wheat Curl Mite Populations

Abstract

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae, is an economically important virus causing annual average yield losses of approximately 2 to 3% in winter wheat across the Great Plains. The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, transmits WSMV along with two other viruses found throughout the Great Plains of the United States. Two common genotypes of WSMV (Sidney 81 and Type) in the United States share 97.6% nucleotide sequence identity but their transmission relationships with the WCM are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine transmission of these two isolates of WSMV by five WCM populations (‘Nebraska’, ‘Montana’, ‘South Dakota’, ‘Type 1’, and ‘Type 2’). Nonviruliferous mites from each population were reared on wheat source plants mechanically inoculated with either Sidney 81 or Type WSMV isolates. For each source plant, individual mites were transferred to 10 separate test plants and virus transmission was determined by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Source plants were replicated nine times for each treatment (90 individual mite transfers). Results indicate that three mite populations transmitted Sidney 81 at higher rates compared with Type. Two mite populations (Nebraska and Type 2) transmitted Sidney 81 and Type at higher rates compared with the other three populations. Results from this study demonstrate that interactions between virus isolates and mite populations influence the epidemiology of WSMV.

Spatial and Host-Related Variation in Prevalence and Population Density of Wheat Curl Mite (Aceria tosichella) Cryptic Genotypes in Agricultural Landscapes

“…The host specificity of some WCM lineages has been experimentally tested and divergent host preferences, ranging from specialists to generalists, have been observed [29]. Moreover, the most polyphagous WCM genotypes currently known (designated as MT-1 and MT-8) are distributed globally and considered to have the greatest pest and invasion potential [25, 30, 31]. …”

Impact of Timing and Method of Virus Inoculation on the Severity of Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease

“…WCM used for inoculations were the type 2 mite genotype, designated as Nebraska from a colony established two decades ago (Hein et al 2012). This colony has been used in studies involving host resistance in wheat, virus transmission, and genotype characterization (Harvey et al 1999;Hein et al 2012;McMechan et al 2014;OliveiraHofman et al 2015;Seifers et al 2002;Wosula et al 2016). Wheat cultivar Settler CL was sown in 20 pots (15 cm in diameter, 25 seeds/pot).…”

“…To avoid interference of foliar fungal diseases on yield and chlorophyll content, a single fungicide spray (Prosaro [prothioconazole + tebuconazole]; Bayer Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC) was applied at a rate of 0.507 ml/liter when wheat was at Zadoks growth stage 50 (Zadoks et al 1974). To assess efficiency of virus inoculation in plots, 10 randomly-selected flag leaves were harvested from each plot (Zadoks growth stage 39) and tested for WSMV presence using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as described by Wosula et al (2016). Samples also were tested for TriMV and HPWMoV.…”

Pre­­dominant virus diseases of earstem grasses in conditions of East Forest-steppe

“…By taking significant value that exceeded the negative control three times [14]. Electron microscopic study of the morphology of viral particles was performed by transmission electron microscopy (EM) [15], using as kontrastera 2% phosphotungstic acid (CRF).…”