Differential toxicity profile of ricin isoforms correlates with their glycosylation levels

Sehgal, Payal; Kumar, Om; Kameswararao, Mula; Ravindran, Jayaraj; Khan, Mohsin; Sharma, Shashi; Vijayaraghavan, R.; Prasad, G. V. R.

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.012

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The full-length proteins of the ricin gene family have been shown to inhibit protein synthesis similar to ricin itself [121]. Additional heterogeneity of ricin is based on different glycosylation patterns [118], and variable toxicities of ricin isoforms have been correlated with different glycosylation levels [123,124]. …”

Section: Toxicity Of Ricin and R Communis Agglutininmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For unambiguous detection of ricin and its selective discrimination from R. communis agglutinin, sequence information is necessary. Modern state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technologies are able to deliver information on the target’s protein sequence and its glycosylation pattern: highly sophisticated technologies like electrospray ionisation (ESI) or matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) as well as liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis of the tryptic peptide fragments have been developed to unequivocally identify ricin out of crude toxin preparations [270,271,272,273,274] and to analyze its glycosylation pattern [118,124]. However, limited sensitivity and the difficulty to identify ricin out of complex matrices lead to the combination of immunoaffinity enrichment with MS-based detection.…”

Section: Detection Of Ricin or Ricinus Communismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases

Worbs

Köhler

Pauly

et al. 2011

Toxins

192

177

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Accidental and intended Ricinus communis intoxications in humans and animals have been known for centuries but the causative agent remained elusive until 1888 when Stillmark attributed the toxicity to the lectin ricin. Ricinus communis is grown worldwide on an industrial scale for the production of castor oil. As by-product in castor oil production ricin is mass produced above 1 million tons per year. On the basis of its availability, toxicity, ease of preparation and the current lack of medical countermeasures, ricin has gained attention as potential biological warfare agent. The seeds also contain the less toxic, but highly homologous Ricinus communis agglutinin and the alkaloid ricinine, and especially the latter can be used to track intoxications. After oil extraction and detoxification, the defatted press cake is used as organic fertilizer and as low-value feed. In this context there have been sporadic reports from different countries describing animal intoxications after uptake of obviously insufficiently detoxified fertilizer. Observations in Germany over several years, however, have led us to speculate that the detoxification process is not always performed thoroughly and controlled, calling for international regulations which clearly state a ricin threshold in fertilizer. In this review we summarize knowledge on intended and unintended poisoning with ricin or castor seeds both in humans and animals, with a particular emphasis on intoxications due to improperly detoxified castor bean meal and forensic analysis.

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Section: Toxicity Of Ricin and R Communis Agglutininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Ricin or Ricinus Communismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases

Worbs

Köhler

Pauly

et al. 2011

Toxins

192

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In study of fluorescent probes for detection of fucosylated N-glycans (Mun, et al, 2012) (Sehgal et al, 2011) monosaccharides (GlcNAc, mannose, 6-Me-mannose, and xylose) were identified by HPLC after hydrolysis but all traditional methods for glycan sequencing (HPLC, exoglycosidase digestion and positive-ion MS/MS) failed to yield meaningful data. The structures were solved by negative-on MS/MS that gave the total structures.…”

Section: Lotus Japonicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011–2012

Harvey

2015

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.

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“…Purification was achieved in the 1960s (Craig et al 1962;Lin et al 1969), and affinity chromatography subsequently ) enabled detailed structural characterization based on x-ray crystallography and molecular modeling of the catalytic activity Tanaka et al 2001;Zhanpeisov and Leszczynski 2001). Ler et al 2006) Ricin and abrin are homologous toxins that exist as multiple isoforms with variable glycosylation that may affect toxicity (Sehgal et al 2011). 3 and 4): a~30 kDa deadenylase moiety referred to as the A chain and a~32 kDa lectin moiety referred to as the B chain.…”

Section: Ricin and Abrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism

Gopalakrishnakone¹,

Balali-Mood²,

Llewellyn³

et al. 2015

Toxinology

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In recent years, the field of toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast-developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, diabetes, chronic pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever-growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to toxinology. Composed of 11 volumes, Toxinology provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the main areas in toxinology, from fundamental concepts to new developments and applications in the field. Each volume comprises a focused and carefully chosen collection of contributions from leading names in the subject.

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Differential toxicity profile of ricin isoforms correlates with their glycosylation levels

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases

Ricinus communis Intoxications in Human and Veterinary Medicine—A Summary of Real Cases

Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011–2012

Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism

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