Differential salutary effects of nonselective and selective COX-2 inhibitors in postoperative ileus in rats

Opioid-sparing effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on surgical outcomes after open colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol

“…While a reduction in opioid consumption may be responsible for shorter time to gastrointestinal recovery, a selective COX-2 inhibitor alone was shown to diminish a local inflammatory response of the small bowel to surgical manipulation, thus leading to quicker recovery of postoperative intestinal dysfunction [28] . In animal studies, selective COX-2 inhibitors induced duodenal motility and improved small bowel propulsion in rats subjected to abdominal surgery [29,30] . In this study, there was a non-significant trend in decreased rates of overall complication and prolonged postoperative ileus in patients receiving a selective COX-2 inhibitor.…”

Targeting murine small bowel and colon through selective superior mesenteric artery injection

“…Using the lateral approach, the intestines are not removed from the abdominal cavity so there is less risk of heat and fluid loss and normal anatomical placement is not compromised. [13][14][15] The ventral laparotomy approach was not used as a control in this experiment and thus our observational assessment of recovery is at risk for recall bias. Although in this experiment we encountered only vessel trauma as a complication, in our other experiences we noted SMA thrombosis as a predictor of mortality.…”

The role and interactions of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and prostanoids in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus in rats

“…Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups before undergoing abdominal surgery under diethyl ether anaesthesia as described in details elsewhere. 19 Briefly, rats underwent skin incision, laparotomy, or laparotomy and subsequent gut evisceration followed by mechanical stimulation of caecum and small intestine. After the operation, the rats recovered for 1 h. 23 Subsequently, all animals received 0.15 ml of Evans blue via an orogastric tube and 30 minutes later animals were sacrificed by cardiotomy under anaesthesia.…”

“…[16][17] The involvement of PGs in the development of PI is well known 18 and this observation has been extended by providing evidence that laparotomy stimulated COX-2 activity, whereas additional surgical gut manipulation led to an excessive PGs synthesis by COX-1. 19 Based on our previously published results and taking into consideration the findings of Moore et al, that low concentrations of inhaled CO attenuated PI in mice by interacting with inflammatory cascade elements, 20 new experiments were designed to prove a hypothesis that a modulation of endogenous CO production by HO inhibitors influences PI development. Moreover, based on the analogies between CO, NO, and PG generating systems and the preventive effects of COX blockers and NOS inhibitors, we aimed to confirm the dose-dependence nature of the salutary effects of the latter and further examine NO, CO, and PG interactions.…”

“…Moreover, based on the analogies between CO, NO, and PG generating systems and the preventive effects of COX blockers and NOS inhibitors, we aimed to confirm the dose-dependence nature of the salutary effects of the latter and further examine NO, CO, and PG interactions. 3,19,[21][22] …”