Differential responses of Coffea arabica L. leaves and roots to chemically induced systemic acquired resistance

Abstract

Coffea arabica is susceptible to several pests and diseases, some of which affect the leaves and roots. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the main defence mechanism activated in plants in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report the effects of benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH), a SAR chemical inducer, on the expression profile of C. arabica. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from the mRNA isolated from leaves and embryonic roots to create 1587 nonredundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We developed a cDNA microarray containing 1506 ESTs from the leaves and embryonic roots, and 48 NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) gene fragments derived from 2 specific genomic libraries. Competitive hybridization between untreated and BTH-treated leaves resulted in 55 genes that were significantly overexpressed and 16 genes that were significantly underexpressed. In the roots, 37 and 42 genes were over and underexpressed, respectively. A general shift in metabolism from housekeeping to defence occurred in the leaves and roots after BTH treatment. We observed a systemic increase in pathogenesis-related protein synthesis, in the oxidative burst, and in the cell wall strengthening processes. Moreover, responses in the roots and leaves varied significantly.

Sequences and transcriptional analysis ofCoffea arabicavar. Caturra andCoffea libericaplant responses to coffee berry borerHypothenemus hampei(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attack

“…Also, there were metallothioneins, cysteine-rich proteins that bind to heavy metals. The metallothioneins are upregulated during the development of fruits and they are a systemic response for abiotic stress (Moyle et al 2005;De Nardi et al 2006). Also, an embryo-specific protein 3 that participates in seed development (Girke et al 2000), an auxin receptor F box protein that regulates auxin response, implicated in every aspect of plant growth and development (Dharmasiri et al 2005), and a cupin family protein, which includes many of the storage proteins from higher plants and nutrient reservoir activity (Dunwell et al 2000), were found.…”

Construction and Analysis of SSH-cDNA Library from Leaves of Susceptible Rubber Clone Resistant to Powdery Mildew Induced by BTH

“…The mechanism of BTH induced resistance is activation of the plant defense genes and expression resistance-related proteins or enzymes [10]. The defense-related genes of BTH induced diseases resistance to rice, wheat [11], cucumber [12], papaya [13], coffee [14], cocoa [15] and so on were identified and analysed. In rubber tree susceptible clone against the diseases, the peroxidase, phenylalanine aminolyase and β-1,3 glucanase are increasing significantly in leaves after BTH treatment [4,5].…”

Genomics of Coffee One of the World’s Largest Traded Commodities

“…All together, a significant set of 55,692 ESTs, mainly from fruits, is already publicly available for C. canephora (Table 9.1). Regarding C. arabica, public accessibility to EST collections is limited to 1,226 ESTs, comprising a suppression subtractive hybridization library of 618 EST sequences selected upon infection by H. vastatrix , 139 EST sequences identified as a differential response of C. arabica leaves and roots to chemically induced systemic acquired resistance (De Nardi et al 2006), and 469 other ESTs from leaves (Cristancho et al 2006;Joet et al 2006). In total, there are fewer than 60 thousand entries of coffee ESTs, publicly available, deposited at the dbEST database.…”

“…Aiming at the development of EST-SSR markers for coffee, an Indian research group reported an interim set of 2,092 ESTs of coffee generated at CCMB (Center for Cellular & Molecular Biology), Hyderabad, India (Aggarwal et al 2007). EST sequences of two cDNA libraries from leaves and embryonic roots of C. arabica were also produced by an Italian group to develop a cDNA microarray based on 1,587 non-redundant sequences (De Nardi et al 2006).…”