Differential Responses of Bovine Macrophages toMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisandMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

Weiss, Douglas J.; Evanson, Oral A.; Moritz, Andreas; Deng, Ming Qi; Abrahamsen, Mitchell S.

doi:10.1128/iai.70.10.5556-5561.2002

Cited by 104 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…hominissuis and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, as observed previously (55). This previous suggestion is supported by previous observations that a specific M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

et al. 2009

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The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) comprises genomically similar but phenotypically divergent bacteria that inhabit diverse environments and that cause disease in different hosts. In this study, a wholegenome approach was used to examine the polymorphic PE (Pro-Glu) and PPE (Pro-Pro-Glu) gene families, implicated in immunostimulation and virulence. The four major groups of MAC organisms were examined, including the newly sequenced type strains of M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. avium, plus M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis, for the purpose of finding genetic differences that could be exploited to design diagnostic tests specific to these groups and that could help explain their divergence in pathogenesis and host specificity. Unique and missing PPE genes were found in all MAC members except M. avium subsp. avium. Only M. intracellulare had a unique PE gene. Apart from this, most PE and PPE sequences were conserved, with average nucleotide sequence identities of 99.1 and 98.1%, respectively, among the M. avium subspecies, but only 82.9 and 79.7% identities with the PE and PPE sequences of M. intracellulare, respectively. A detailed analysis of the amino acid sequences was performed between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Most differences were detected in the PPE proteins, with amino acid substitutions and frame shifts leading to unique amino acid sequences. In conclusion, several unique PPE proteins were identified in MAC organisms next to numerous polymorphisms in both the PE and PPE gene families. These substantial differences could help explain the divergence in phenotypes within the MAC and could lead to diagnostic tests with better discriminatory abilities.Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare are collectively known as the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). For genotypic, phenotypic, and historical reasons, multiple subspecies of M. avium are recognized; these include Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, and M. avium subsp. silvaticum (50). All four M. avium subspecies and M. intracellulare possess a high degree of genetic similarity but are capable of infecting a diverse range of host species.M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative organism of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a debilitating chronic enteritis in ruminants (49), and has been implicated in Crohn's disease in humans (18). M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. silvaticum are limited almost exclusively to avian species (53), in which they cause tuberculosis. M. avium subsp. hominissuis is a recent designation and was added to reflect the distinction of human and porcine isolates from bird-type strains when genotypic methods showed that M. avium isolates from humans in particular but also pigs rarely shared the genetic profiles of organisms found in birds (38,53). M. avium subsp. hominissuis and M. intracellulare are ubiquitous, saprophytic mycobacteria commonly found in so...

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“…hominissuis and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, as observed previously (55). This previous suggestion is supported by previous observations that a specific M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

et al. 2009

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“…Until now, a lot of researchers have done the study on the mononuclear phagocytes of monocytes and macrophages (14)(15)(16)(17), however, TLRs expression pattern differences between them were few reported. Previous studies have shown that bovine TLRs are differentially expressed in variety of tissues (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responses Between Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages for Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of Calves

2009

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In this experiment Toll-like receptor expression pattern in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was examined. Jugular venous blood was collected from four Japanese calves, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The cells were directly used for collecting monocytes by magnetic cell sorting or cultured for 7 days to collect monocyte-derived macrophages in Repcell. Then we analyzed the mRNA expression pattern of TLRs and cytokines in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages after LPS stimulation for 24 h. LPS stimulation of both monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in an increase in the levels of mRNA transcripts for TNF-, IL-6 and IL-8. Moreover, TNF- and IL-6 mRNA expressions were significantly augmented by LPS stimulation in monocyte-derived macrophages. TLRs mRNA expressions were unchanged after LPS stimulation of monocytes, while TLRs mRNA expressions in monocyte-derived macrophages were complicated. TLR1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 were significantly decreased after LPS stimulation and there were no differences in the mRNA expressions of TLR2, 4, 6 and 7 between the groups of control and LPS stimulation. Besides, no expression of TLR9 was found. As antigen presenting cells, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages respond differently to LPS, so they may have different functions in the innate immune system. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2009;6(3):223-229.

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“…Disease development appears to be linked with local loss of CD4 C T-cells and gd T-cells (Chiodini 1996;Koets et al 2002). The fundamental defect that could be connected with a reduction in CMI response is the deregulation in MAP-mediated macrophage function (Tooker et al 2002;Weiss et al 2002;Zur et al 2003). Interruption in gene activation and signalling breakdown in the immune response are responsible for controlling MAP infection through genes encoding tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-12, and IFN-g and their receptors (Jouanguy et al 1999;Dorman & Holland 2000;Ottenhoff et al 2000) and this could also affect effector activity of CD8 C T-cells (Canaday et al 2001).…”

Section: Immune-based Test Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and advances in the diagnosis and control of paratuberculosis in domestic livestock

Chaubey

Gupta

et al. 2016

Veterinary Quarterly

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Paratuberculosis (pTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. Control of pTB is difficult due to the lack of sensitive, efficacious and cost-effective diagnostics and marker vaccines. Microscopy, culture, and PCR have been used for the screening of MAP infection in animals for quite a long time. Besides, giving variable sensitivity and specificity, these tests have not been considered ideal for large-scale screening of domestic livestock. Serological tests like ELISA easily detects anti-MAP antibodies. However, it cannot differentiate between the vaccinated and infected animals. Nanotechnology-based diagnostic tests are underway to improve the sensitivity and specificity. Newer generation diagnostic tests based on recombinant MAP secretory proteins would open new paradigm for the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals and for early detection of the infection. Due to higher seroreactivity of secretory proteins vis-a-vis cellular proteins, the secretory proteins may be used as marker vaccine, which may aid in the control of pTB infection in animals. Secretory proteins can be potentially used to develop future diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring of the disease progression in animals and the marker vaccine for the control and eradication of pTB.

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Differential Responses of Bovine Macrophages toMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisandMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

Cited by 104 publications

References 30 publications

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

Genomic Comparison of PE and PPE Genes in the Mycobacterium avium Complex

Differential Responses Between Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages for Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of Calves

Trends and advances in the diagnosis and control of paratuberculosis in domestic livestock

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