Differential Response of Common Bean Genotypes to High Temperature

Abstract

<jats:p>Yield components of 24 common bean <jats:italic>(Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic> L.) genotypes were evaluated following exposure during reproductive development to four greenhouse day/night temperature treatments (24 °C/21 °C, 27 °C/24 °C, 30 °C/27 °C and 33 °C/30 °C). Genotypes included 12 snap beans, two wax beans, six dry beans, and four common bean accessions; 18 genotypes were previously described as heat-tolerant and three were heat-sensitive controls. The highest temperature treatment reduced seed number, pod number, mean seed weight and seeds/pod an average of 83%, 63%, 47%, and 73%, respectively. A heat susceptibility index (S) measuring yield stability under high temperatures indicated that `Brio', `Carson', `G122', `HB 1880', `HT 20', `HT 38', `Opus', and `Venture' were heat tolerant. Heat-tolerant genotypes displayed differential responses to high temperature, suggesting different genetic control of heat tolerance mechanisms. Genotypes with moderate heat tolerance, including `Barrier' and `Hystyle', showed stable yields in the 30 °C/27 °C treatment only, indicating this regime is optimal for screening common bean materials of unknown heat tolerance. `Haibushi', `Indeterminate Jamaica Red', and `Tío Canela-75' were previously described as heat tolerant but exhibited a heat-sensitive reaction in this study. Heat-sensitive genotypes `Haibushi' and `Labrador' maintained mean seed weight under high temperature. This data will help utilize nonallelic heat tolerance genes in development of bean varieties grown in high temperature environments.</jats:p>

Selection for Drought Resistance in Dry Bean Landraces and Cultivars

“…Plants in pre‐flowering and flowering stages are extremely sensitive to drought and high temperatures. Reduced photosynthesis, excessive flower bud abscission (Rainey and Griffiths, 2005), and pollen sterility due to tapetal degeneration (Suzuki et al, 2001) followed by flower, ovule, and pod abscission (Ofir et al, 1993; Rainey and Griffiths, 2005) result in reduced pod and seed number, seed size, and yield due to high temperatures (Porch and Jahn, 2001; Prasad et al, 2002). Thus, mean temperatures above 25°C for 11 d and temperatures above 35°C for 18 d during flowering and seed‐filling periods in 2003 may have accentuated drought stress.…”

Selection for Drought Tolerance in Dry Bean Derived from the Mesoamerican Gene Pool in Western Nebraska

“…Temperature may have also contributed to lower yields. Temperatures above 28°C cause excessive fl ower drop and abortion of fertilized ovules (Masaya and White, 1991;Rainey and Griffi ths, 2005). The number of days with a maximum temperature above 35°C after fl owering was greater at Scottsbluff in 2006 than for the other environments (Table 2).…”

Study of the defensive mechanism against drought in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties

“…Bean varieties that prove to be more sensitive to drought could be summarized as followed: the reduction in water content of the leaves is faster, the level of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of membrane damage by abiotic stress is found to be higher, and much higher reduction is in the individual yield of the plant (number of pods per plant and number of seed per pod) under water deficiency conditions, than drought tolerant bean variety (Rainey and Griffiths 2005;Lizana et al 2006). Plants are capable of adapting to different light environments by changing their photosynthetic pigment compositions.…”