Differential Proteomic Analysis by iTRAQ Reveals the Mechanism of Pyropia haitanensis Responding to High Temperature Stress

Abstract

Global warming increases sea temperature and leads to high temperature stress, which affects the yield and quality of Pyropia haitanensis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying high temperature stress in a high temperature tolerance strain Z-61, the iTRAQ technique was employed to reveal the global proteomic response of Z-61 under different durations of high temperature stress. We identified 151 differentially expressed proteins and classified them into 11 functional categories. The 4 major categories of these are protein synthesis and degradation, photosynthesis, defense response, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings indicated that photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism are inhibited by heat to limit damage to a repairable level. As time progresses, misfolded proteins and ROS accumulate and lead to the up-regulation of molecular chaperones, proteases, and antioxidant systems. Furthermore, to cope with cells injured by heat, PCD works to remove them. Additionally, sulfur assimilation and cytoskeletons play essential roles in maintaining cellular and redox homeostasis. These processes are based on signal transduction in the phosphoinositide pathway and multiple ways to supply energy. Conclusively, Z-61 establishes a new steady-state balance of metabolic processes and survives under higher temperature stress.

Health Functionality and Quality Control of Laver (Porphyra, Pyropia): Current Issues and Future Perspectives as an Edible Seaweed

“…Proteomic studies of the impact of stress factors on laver have focused on stress-response mechanisms and the effects of mutation. Abiotic and biotic stresses associated with the sequential steps from farming to processing of laver include high temperature [175,176], desiccation [177,178], and pathogen infection [179]. High temperature is one of the main determining factors of nutritional/functional quality and yield for laver strains able to tolerate elevated temperature [175,176].…”

“…Abiotic and biotic stresses associated with the sequential steps from farming to processing of laver include high temperature [175,176], desiccation [177,178], and pathogen infection [179]. High temperature is one of the main determining factors of nutritional/functional quality and yield for laver strains able to tolerate elevated temperature [175,176]. A major topic in proteome research is the coordinated activation of various pathways governing desiccation tolerance, which is triggered under natural conditions by exposure to low tide [177,178].…”

“…Microbiome Diversity in the microbiota P. umbilicalis -Seasonal variation to the microbial community in laver -Identification of bacterial groups which are expected to contribute to the evolution and/or function of laver [155] P. yezoensis -Seasonal variation and the effects of the yellow spot disease outbreaks to the microbial community in the seawater of laver seedling pools -Identification of disease-associated bacteria [174] Analytical techniques P. umbilicalis -Microbial communities affected by the sampling position of laver and the stabilization techniques applied for the microbiome analysis [171] Influencing factor (Red rot disease) P. yezoensis -Alterations of bacterial community by red dot disease -Close association between health status of algal host (uninfected or infected) and bacterial community [190] Proteome Mechanism of stress-tolerance P. haitanensis -Investigation on the key metabolisms elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to high-temperature [175,176] P. orbicularis -Investigation on the key metabolisms elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to desiccation [177,178]…”

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

“…Serum provides a relatively wide source of proteins from various tissues. As serum content can directly reflect physiological or pathological changes, researchers frequently examine serum for biomarkers of specific conditions (Di et al, ; Shi et al, ). Specifically, iTRAQ can be used to screen and identify differentially expressed proteins in serum from diseased states and normal physiological states, which can reveal the mechanisms behind various physiological and pathological conditions (Freue et al, ; Z. Huang et al, ).…”

“…Gene ontology terms are given for subcellular location, biological process, cellular component and molecular function. (b) KEGG pathways with significant enrichment of differentially expressed serum proteins pathological changes, researchers frequently examine serum for biomarkers of specific conditions(Di et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2017).Specifically, iTRAQ can be used to screen and identify differentially expressed proteins in serum from diseased states and normal physiological states, which can reveal the mechanisms behind various physiological and pathological conditions(Freue et al, 2010;Z. Huang et al, 2012).…”