The mechanism by which cyanobacteria have adapted from
low to high
salinity and ultimately diversified in marine environments remains
poorly understood. To understand how freshwater and marine cyanobacteria
respond to high salinity, we selected a marine cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, and freshwater cyanobacteria, Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. Photosynthetic growth of
PCC7002 and PCC7942 were enhanced and inhibited by the high salinity,
respectively, which were also supported by the quantification of reducing
equivalents and ATP in these two species. Growth under the high salinity
reduced the photosynthetic activities for PCC7942, resulting in more
oxidative stress, which was opposite of the effect of high salinity
on PCC7002. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that those key genes
involved in synthetic and energy metabolisms as well as certain processes
for salinity acclimation and salinity signal transduction were significantly
downregulated in PCC7942 and upregulated in PCC7002 under the high
salinity, suggesting a potential functional regulatory mechanism from
perception, transduction, and acclimation of cyanobacteria to high
salinities. The findings of this study improve the understanding of
cyanobacterial ecophysiology under different salinities and shed light
on the evolutionary acclimation of cyanobacteria from freshwater to
marine environments.