Differential Pattern in Circulating Nitrogen Derivatives, Lactoferrin, and Anti-Lactoferrin Antibodies in HIV Type 1 and HIV Type 2 Infections

Abstract

HIV-1 infection is associated with a dramatic reduction in antioxidative molecules both at the cellular level and in the circulation. This is particularly so for lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein involved in natural defenses (antimicrobial and antiviral activities, etc.) and found in whole secretions, including milk and mucus. In addition to its ability to chelate iron ions, lactoferrin inhibits hydroxy radical formation and interacts with nitric oxide (NO). Levels of plasma lactoferrin decreased in HIV-1-infected patients in correlation with progression of the disease, and highly specific anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies increased. This profile was specific to HIV-1 infection; it was not found in HIV-2-infected patients. In parallel with the drop in lactoferrin, a marked increase in circulating nitrogen derivatives was observed in HIV-1-infected patients, whereas low levels were found in normal donors and in HIV-2-infected patients. These data suggested hyperstimulation of the NO pathway throughout HIV-1 but not HIV-2 infection. This overproduction of NO could play an important role in the development of AIDS symptoms and signs.

Role of lactoferrin and lactoferrin‐derived peptides in oral and maxillofacial diseases

“…Previous studies have shown that increased susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection is associated with a reduced LF concentration in serum (Dapsanse et al., ; Defer, Dugas, Picard, & Damais, ; Semba et al., ) in addition to AIDS progression (Van der Strate, Beljaars, Molema, Harmsen, & Meijer, ). Moreover, Alves et al.…”

Apoptosis of stomach cancer cell SGC-7901 and regulation of Akt signaling way induced by bovine lactoferrin

“…The lactoferrin from bovine milk is a protein that has the function of transferring iron. Lactoferrin has many physiological functions such as supplementation of human nutrition (Steijins and van Hooijdonk, 2000), antibiosis (Farnaud and Evans, 2003), antivirus (Dapsanse et al, 2001;Beljaars et al, 2004;Wakabayashi et al, 2004;Waarts et al, 2005), guard of host and regulation of immunity, promotion of iron absorption (Suzuki et al, 2001), inhibition of growth and transfusion to cancer (Varadhachary et al, 2004;Xiao et al, 2004), and effect on the production of free radical. Now we find many physiological functions of lactoferrin, but research of inhibition of cancer at the molecular level is very scarce.…”

Lactotransferrin gene functional polymorphisms do not influence susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus-1 mother-to-child transmission in different ethnic groups

“…A reduction of the serum lactotransferrin concentration has previously been associated with increased HIV-1 infection susceptibility ( Defer et al. 1995 , Semba et al 1998 , Dapsanse et al 2001 ) and AIDS progression ( van der Strate et al 2001 ). Additionally, recent works have explored the role of lactotransferrin in the oral health among HIV-1 infected subjects.…”

“…Lactotransferrin is found in breast milk and at the mucosal level in the female genitourinary tract ( Kazmi et al 2006 ): a reduction in maternal serum lactotransferrin has been correlated with increased risk of HIV-1 MTCT ( Defer et al 1995 , Semba et al 1998 ). Reduced lactotransferrin serum level have been detected in HIV-1 infected individuals compared to healthy controls ( Dapsanse et al 2001 ) and in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients compared to asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1 positive individuals or controls ( van der Strate et al 2001 ).…”