Differential Pathogenicity of Corn Stunting Mollicutes to Leafhopper Vectors inDalbulusandBaldulusspecies

Effect of two strains of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma on the survival and fecundity of the experimental leafhopper vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum

“…In addition, records of natural phytoplasma infection of wild E. variegatus have reported the occurrence of Aster yellows and related phytoplasma (16SrI group) rather than 16SrV-group phytoplasma (Caudwell et al, 1971;Gatineau, 2002). Therefore, our data showing pathogenicity of FDP on E. variegatus are consistent with the concept that nondeleterious or beneWcial relationships between bacteria and their vectors are the eVect of a long co-evolution which would result in the selection of highly compatible vector biotypes and pathogen strains (Beanland et al, 2000;Ebbert and Nault, 2001;Madden and Nault, 1983;Purcell, 1982). Table 3 EVect of E. variegatus exposure to FD-infected broad bean (strains FD2000 or FD92), healthy broad bean (Control) or maize on fecundity parameters Number in the same column followed by a diVerent letter are signiWcantly diVerent with D 0.05/4.…”

“…To analyze survival data, quartiles were calculated for the distribution of survival duration (time to 75, 50, and 25% of survival D t 75 , t 50 , and t 25 ) for each replication. Additionally, survival data of all 16 replications were Wtted to a Weibull distribution to calculate the shape and scale parameters (Madden, 1985;Madden and Nault, 1983) for both males and females. Quartiles of survival data, Weibull parameters, and leafhopper fecundity were compared between treatments by using ANOVA (Madden, 1985).…”

Chemical Communication between Phytopathogens, Their Host Plants and Vector Insects and Eavesdropping by Natural Enemies

“…In conclusion, as shown for both bacterial and virus phytopathogens, behavioral changes of the vectors promote both pathogen acquisition and transmission. Both plant pathogenic bacteria and viruses can either increase, decrease, or have a neutral effect on their vector's fitness (lifespan, fecundity, and survival) (Madden and Nault, 1983;Nault, 1994, 2001;Beanland et al, 2000;PelzStelinski and Killiny, 2016). Beneficial effects of phytopathogens on vector fitness may indicate that the pathogen has an evolutionarily older relationship with its insect host while detrimental effects may indicate an evolutionarily younger relationship.…”

Mycoplasmas of Plants and Insects

“…For example, Colladonus montanus leathoppers infected with the X-disease phytoplasma lived approximately half as long as uninfected leathoppers (41) . The same leathopper infected with the same phytoplasma and six infected leathopper species which transmit the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma produced fewer offspring than did healthy leathoppers (42,67,81). Also, several Dalbulus spp.…”