Differential MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 Activity and Collagen Distribution in Skeletal Muscle from pacu(Piaractus mesopotamicus)During Juvenile and Adult Growth Phases

Abstract

Here, we evaluated collagen distribution and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in skeletal muscle of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during juvenile and adult growth phases. Muscle samples from juvenile and adult fishes were processed by histochemistry for collagen system fibers and for gelatin-zymography for MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities analysis. Picrosirius staining revealed a myosept, endomysium, and perimysium-like structures in both growth phases and muscle types, with increased areas of collagen fibers in adults, mainly in red muscle. Reticulin staining showed that reticular fibers in the endomysium-like structure were thinner and discontinuous in the red muscle fibers. The zymography revealed clear bands of the pro- MMP-9, active- MMP-9, intermediate- MMP-2, and active- MMP-2 forms in red and white muscle in both growth phases. MMP-2 activity was more intense in juvenile than adult muscle fibers. Comparing the red and white muscle types, MMP-2 activity was significantly higher in red muscle in adult phase only. The activity of MMP-9 forms was similar in juvenile red and white muscles and in the adult red muscle, without any activity in adult white muscle. In conclusion, our results show that, in pacu, the higher activities of MMP-2 and -9 are associated with the rapid muscle growth in juvenile age and in adult fish, these activities are related with a different red and white muscle physiology. This study may contribute to the understanding muscle growth mechanisms and may also contribute to analyse red and the white muscle parameters of firmness and softness, respectively, of the commercial product.

Impaired Macrophage and Satellite Cell Infiltration Occurs in a Muscle-Specific Fashion Following Injury in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle

“…The answer appears to lie with the intrinsic differences between these muscle groups in the fibrinolytic pathway. Indeed, during adolescent growth or following muscle injury, a greater inducible-expression and activity of MMP-9 is observed in oxidative muscle, such as the soleus, compared to the glycolytic muscle [40], [47]. As discussed, MMP-9 activity is critical for muscle regeneration to occur [38], [48], [49], and a greater inducible-expression in the diabetic soleus would allow repair to proceed normally, compared to the glycolytic TA and gastrocnemius, which lack the same degree of inducible MMP-9 expression.…”

Cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations on leukocytes and thrombocytes of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus)

“…Recent studies have shown that MMPs in fish play a role similar to the one they have in mammals [10,20,21,48].…”

Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract on growth, flesh quality, antioxidant capacity and collagen-related genes expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

“…In sh, type I and V collagen are the two main types of collagen in muscle [62], and MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed a signi cant degradation effect on collagen, especially type I and V collagen [63]. In the study of Chen et al [64] and Wang et al [65], ELE decreased the mRNA expression of MMP-2 in endothelial cells and MMP-9 in ankle of rat.…”