Differential Metabolite Profiles during Fruit Development in High-Yielding Oil Palm Mesocarp

Teh, Huey Fang; Neoh, Bee Keat; Hong, May Ping Li; Low, Jaime Yoke Sum; Ng, Theresa Lee Mei; Ithnin, Nalisha; Thang, Yin Mee; Mohamed, Mohaimi; Chew, Fook Tim; Yusof, Hirzun Mohd; Kulaveerasingam, Harikrishna; Appleton, David R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061344

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our transcriptomics data is in accordance with the metabolomics data obtained [20]. Malic acid exhibited a very different concentration profile between the HY and LY groups, maintaining a significantly higher concentration in HY palms from 12 WAP through to the mid-point of lipid biosynthesis (18 WAP) when it dropped to a level similar to that of the LY group [20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe oil yield trait of oil palm is expected to involve multiple genes, environmental influences and interactions. Many of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to oil yield are still poorly understood. In this study, we used a microarray approach to study the gene expression profiles of mesocarp tissue at different developmental stages, comparing genetically related high- and low- oil yielding palms to identify genes that contributed to the higher oil-yielding palm and might contribute to the wider genetic improvement of oil palm breeding populations.ResultsA total of 3412 (2001 annotated) gene candidates were found to be significantly differentially expressed between high- and low-yielding palms at at least one of the different stages of mesocarp development evaluated. Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment analysis identified 28 significantly enriched GO terms, including regulation of transcription, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic processes. These differentially expressed genes comprise several transcription factors, such as, bHLH, Dof zinc finger proteins and MADS box proteins. Several genes involved in glycolysis, TCA, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were also found up-regulated in high-yielding oil palm, among them; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component Subunit Beta (PDH), ATP-citrate lyase, β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases I (KAS I), β- ketoacyl-ACP synthases III (KAS III) and ketoacyl-ACP reductase (KAR). Sucrose metabolism-related genes such as Invertase, Sucrose Synthase 2 and Sucrose Phosphatase 2 were found to be down-regulated in high-yielding oil palms, compared to the lower yield palms.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a higher carbon flux (channeled through down-regulation of the Sucrose Synthase 2 pathway) was being utilized by up-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, TCA and fatty acid biosynthesis leading to enhanced oil production in the high-yielding oil palm. These findings are an important stepping stone to understand the processes that lead to production of high-yielding oil palms and have implications for breeding to maximize oil production.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3855-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm

et al. 2017

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“…In Brassica napus , the secondary metabolism process was probably induced in higher oil content trait by the abundance of SAH corroborated with the upregulated SAH . The abundance of SAHH at maturation stage involved in amino acid metabolism correlated with fatty acid biosynthesis by supporting the production of essential proteins for lipid production . Higher levels of amino acid concentrations during lipid biosynthesis in oil palm mesocarp were also reflected at the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels proposing that they were the key elements before and during lipid biosynthesis in fruit maturation and oil yield .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For proteins related to glycolysis, enolases (spot 688 and 733) were upregulated during mesocarp development that catalysed the reversible dehydration of 2‐phospho‐D‐glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways. A few studies reported that the glycolysis‐related enzymes were found to be related to the oil production levels in oil palm and date palm .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, chromoplast proteins which are necessary for most of the physiological processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis in oil palm mesocarp have been studied using proteomics approaches . Concurrently with transcriptome and proteome progress, metabolomics technology was also employed to profile oil palm mesocarp metabolites which reveals the biochemical changes in the cell wall, hormone, sugar, amino acid, organic acid, lipid, polyamine and nucleoside levels during fruit development as well as the correlation amongst structural and biochemical components during ripening .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering key proteins of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit mesocarp development by proteomics and chemometrics

et al. 2018

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Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from lipid‐rich fleshy mesocarp tissue of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit and is of global economic and nutritional relevance. While the understanding of oil biosynthesis in plants is improving, the fundamentals of oil biosynthesis in oil palm still require further investigations. To gain insight into the systemic mechanisms that govern oil synthesis during oil palm fruit ripening, the proteomics approach combining gel‐based electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was used to profile protein changes and classify the patterns of protein accumulation during these complex physiological processes. Protein profiles from different stages of fruit ripening at 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 20 weeks after anthesis (WAA) were analysed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The proteome data were then visualised using a multivariate statistical analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) to get an overview of the proteome changes during the development of oil palm mesocarp. A total of 68 differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) and functionally classified using ontology analysis. Proteins related to lipid production, energy, secondary metabolites and amino acid metabolism are the most significantly changed proteins during fruit development representing potential candidates for oil yield improvement endeavors. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009579. This study provides important proteome information for protein regulation during oil palm fruit ripening and oil synthesis.

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“…Metabolome analysis can help uncover the details of fruit development at a molecular level Teh et al, 2013). Metabolome studies can also indicate how plants are reacting at the molecular level to specific stimuli, e.g.…”

Section: Beyond the Genome: Other "Omic" Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using modern plant breeding to improve the nutritional and technological qualities of oil crops

Murphy

2014

OCL

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-The last few decades have seen huge advances in our understanding of plant biology and in the development of new technologies for the manipulation of crop plants. The application of relatively straightforward breeding and selection methods made possible the "Green Revolution" of the 1960s and 1970s that effectively doubled or trebled cereal production in much of the world and averted mass famine in Asia. During the 2000s, much attention has been focused on genomic approaches to plant breeding with the deployment of a new generation of technologies, such as marker-assisted selection, next-generation sequencing, transgenesis (genetic engineering or GM) and automatic mutagenesis/selection (TILLING, TargetIng Local Lesions IN Genomes). These methods are now being applied to a wide range of crops and have particularly good potential for oil crop improvement in terms of both overall food and non-food yield and nutritional and technical quality of the oils. Key targets include increasing overall oil yield and stability on a per seed or per fruit basis and very high oleic acid content in seed and fruit oils for both premium edible and oleochemical applications. Other more specialised targets include oils enriched in nutritionally desirable "fish oil"-like fatty acids, especially very long chain ω-3 acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or increased levels of lipidic vitamins such as carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienes. Progress in producing such oils in commercial crops has been good in recent years with several varieties being released or at advanced stages of development.Résumé -Utilisation de la sélection variétale moderne pour améliorer les qualités nutritionnelles et technologiques des cultures oléagineuses. Les dernières décennies ont connu de grandes avancées dans la compréhension de la biologie des plantes et dans le développement de nouvelles technologies de manipulation des semences. L'application de méthodes de croisements variétal et les méthodes de sélection ont rendu possible la révolution verte des années 1960 et 1970 qui ont efficacement doublé voire triplé la production céréalière dans une grande partie du monde et évité des famines de masse en Asie. Durant les années 2000, davantage d'attention a été portée à des approches génomiques en sélection des plantes avec le déploiement d'une nouvelle génération de technologies, comme la sélection assistée par des marqueurs, le séquençage de la génération suivante, la transgénèse (ingénierie génétique ou OGM) et la mutagé-nèse/sélection automatique (ILLI NG, TargetIng Local Lesions IN Genomes). Ces méthodes sont désormais appliquées à un large éventail de semences et offrent, pour les oléagineux, un potentiel particulièrement intéressant à la fois en termes de rendement alimentaire et non-alimentaire, en qualité nutritionnelle et technique des huiles. Les objectifs clés incluent une amélioration du rendement global en huile et de la stabilité par graine ou par fruit, et un contenu très élevé en acide oléique da...

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Differential Metabolite Profiles during Fruit Development in High-Yielding Oil Palm Mesocarp

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm

Differential gene expression at different stages of mesocarp development in high- and low-yielding oil palm

Deciphering key proteins of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit mesocarp development by proteomics and chemometrics

Using modern plant breeding to improve the nutritional and technological qualities of oil crops

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