Differential estrogenic activities of male and female plant extracts from two dioecious species

Determination and prediction of xenoestrogens by recombinant yeast-based assay and QSAR

“…EC 50 determined for E 2 (2 nM) was similar to that found by Chen et al (1997) and Maier et al (1995), which was about one order of magnitude higher than that observed by Gaido et al (1997) and Arnold et al (1996). As noted before, there were some modifications for the yeast-based assay in this study.…”

Phytoestrogens

“…The possibility that phytoestrogens might possess "estrogenic" functions within the plant is, therefore, perhaps fanciful. Nevertheless, preliminary data from the "osage orange" (Maclura pomifera, Moraceae) indicate that male and female branches of this dioecious species contain very different levels of a compound(s) able to activate human ER in yeast (124). M. pomifera fruit contain up to 6% dry mass of the di-prenylated isoflavone derivatives pomiferin and osajin, with smaller amounts of prenylated isoflavones and flavones with known in vitro ER activation activity in other parts of the plant (111).…”

Isolation and characterization of Maclura (Maclura pomifera) extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction

“…The common name is derived from its fruit, which resembles the shape of an orange (Prokudina et al, 2011). The fruit is not edible for humans, its extract exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, estrogenic, antimalarial and anti-insect activities, and the Native Americans have used M. pomifera for cancer treatment (Franova and Pavlik, 2007;Hay et al, 2004;Küpeli et al, 2006;Mahmoud, 1981;Maier et al, 1995;Peterson et al, 2000Peterson et al, , 2002. Several phenolic compounds have been isolated and identified from various parts of this plant, namely isoflavonoids from fruit (Delle Monache et al, 1994;Tian et al, 2006;Wolfrom et al, 1946), flavonols and xanthones from the heartwood and stem bark (Deshpande et al, 1975;Laidlaw and Smith, 1959), and flavanones and xanthones from the root bark (Delle Monache et al, 1984;Wolfrom et al, 1965).…”