Differential Effects of Exercise on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels Seen With Changes in Body Weight

Tran, Zung Vu; Weltman, Arthur

doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03360070057023

Cited by 183 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exercise interventions rarely bring about reductions in LDL-C [37]; however, exercise training can increase lipoprotein lipase activity and, thus, improve HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations [37][38][39]. Fatness (waist girth, centimeters) and fitness (VO 2 max, milliliters per kilogram FFM per minute) were independently related to HDL-C and triglycerides in the present study, and the available evidence suggests that exercise training may improve HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations with or without weight loss [40][41][42]. The reported changes in HDL-C were modest, but the quality of most interventions was poor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Fatness, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged white men

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective was to test the hypothesis that traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk factors would be significantly different in groups of men of different fatness and fitness.Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, fibrinogen, and insulin resistance were assessed in 183 nonsmoking white men aged 35 to 53 years, including 62 who were slim and fit (waist girth ≤90 cm and maximal oxygen consumption [VO 2 max] above average), 24 who were slim and unfit (waist girth ≤90 cm and VO 2 max average or below), 39 who were fat and fit (waist girth ≥100 cm and VO 2 max above average), and 19 who were fat and unfit (waist girth ≥100 cm and VO 2 max average or below). Seventy-six percent gave blood on 2 occasions, and the average of 1 or 2 blood tests was used in statistical tests. Waist girth (centimeters) and fitness (milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of fat-free mass) were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and insulin resistance after adjustment for age, saturated fat intake, and total energy intake. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and insulin resistance were significantly different in men who were fat and fit and those who were fat and unfit. These data suggest that differences in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, liver function, and insulin resistance may explain why the risks of chronic disease are lower in men who are fat and fit than those who are fat and unfit. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionObesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus [1,2]; however, the risks of chronic disease are lower in obese men with moderate to high levels of aerobic fitness [3,4]. Total cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, and other traditional risk factors may not explain why the risks of chronic disease are lower in men who are fat and fit than men who are fat and unfit [3]. Therefore, we assessed traditional [5] and novel [6,7] cardiometabolic risk factors in the present study, including adipokines [7], markers of inflammation [6][7][8][9], and markers of liver damage [10][11][12]. We hypothesized that fatness and fitness would be related to cardiometabolic risk factors, and we hypothesized that traditional and novel risk factors would be significantly different in groups of different fatness and

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Fatness, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged white men

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 ± 7 On the other hand, reduction of body weight decreases the concentration of serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. 8 Several studies support the hypothesis that oxidation of LDL promotes atherogenesis, 9 ± 11 and LDL oxidation is associated with the severity of coronary atheroschlerosis. 12 The oxidative modi®cation of LDL is assumed to occur extravascularly in the arterial intima.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein after weight reduction in obese premenopausal women

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Several studies support the hypothesis that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) promotes atherogenesis. Obesity is one of the risk factors of atherosclerosis, but it is not known whether obesity is related to LDL oxidation. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: We investigated the effect of weight reduction and subsequent weight maintenance program on LDL oxidation in 77 obese premenopausal women (BMI 29 ± 46 kgam 2 ). Another group of seven obese women served as a control group. Oxidized LDL was measured as baseline concentration of conjugated dienes in LDL lipids (ox-LDL). The weight reduction was performed in 12 weeks, using a very-low-energy diet. RESULTS: The mean weight loss was 13 kg (92 vs 79 kg). During weight reduction, the concentration of LDL cholesterol decreased by 11%, the concentration of ox-LDL decreased by 40%, and the ratio of ox-LDL to LDL by 33%. The concentration of LDL antioxidant capacity (LDL-TRAP) decreased by 8%, but the decrease was caused by the decrease in LDL. The concentration of LDL, ox-LDL or LDL-TRAP did not change in the control group. The weight reduction correlated with the decrease of ox-LDL. During the subsequent 9 month weight maintenance programme, the concentrations of serum LDL (10%), ox-LDL (11%), LDL-TRAP (29%), and the ratio of LDL-TRAP to LDL (21%) decreased. CONCLUSION: This study strengthens the evidence that the risk of atherogenesis is in¯uenced favourably by weight reduction in obese women. This risk reduction is associated with a reduced oxidation of LDL.

show abstract

“…There is much variability in the results of exercise/ lipid-lowering studies, at least in part because of the heterogeneity of the study methods, populations, exercise interventions, and the use of adjuvant interventions such as diet or pharmacological lipid-lowering agents. A meta-analysis 32 of 95 studies, most of which were not randomized controlled trials, concluded that exercise leads to a reduction of 6.3% in total cholesterol, 10.1% in LDL cholesterol, and 13.4% in cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and 5% increase in HDL cholesterol. It appears that the training intensities required to yield modest improvements in lipids are not as high as those that lead to improvements in fitness levels, as HDL appears to increase across a broad spectrum of exercise intensities.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as Cardiovascular Therapy

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

F or many years, cardiac physicians were strongly influenced by Thomas Hilton's "Rest and Pain" and advocated prolonged rest for the majority of their patients. However, the past 3 decades have seen a complete revolution in this thinking, and moderate to vigorous exercise is now prescribed not only for the prevention of ischemic heart disease 1 but also as a major component of treatment after myocardial infarction, 2 angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery, and heart transplantation 3 and in congenital heart disease 4 and stable congestive heart failure. 5,6 This report defines exercise and physical activity, considering their impact on susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. It also examines the physiological effects of regular exercise, suggesting how exercise-induced changes might improve cardiac performance. It discusses the influence of the type, intensity, frequency, duration, and volume of exercise and their respective contributions to the development of a rational exercise prescription, commenting on problems of sustaining compliance and the potential dangers of excessive exercise. A final section of the article suggests possible avenues for future research. Physical Activity, Exercise, and FitnessTo understand how physical activity and exercise fit into the model of modern cardiovascular health, it is important to understand specific terms and concepts. Physical activity has been defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. Exercise can be defined as a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is the objective. Physical fitness includes cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and flexibility, composing a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. 7 Physical fitness is best assessed by measures of maximal (or peak) oxygen intake (V O 2 ). Many studies estimate fitness levels by measurement of either the peak work rate or MET level (where 1 METϭan energy expenditure of 14.6 kJ ⅐ kg) achieved during graded exercise tests. 8 When defining the amount of physical activity or exercise, an important interrelation exists between the total dose of activity and the intensity at which the activity is performed. Dose refers to the total amount of energy expended in physical activities that require repetitive muscular movement (usually expressed in kilojoules or kilocalories). Intensity can be defined in absolute or relative terms. Absolute intensity reflects the rate of energy expenditure during exercise and is usually expressed in METS, kJ ⅐ min Ϫ1 or kcal ⅐ min Ϫ1. Relative intensity refers to the relative percentage of maximal aerobic power that is maintained during exercise and is expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate or a percentage of maximal oxygen intake. For example, brisk walking at 4.8 km/h, 3 mph, has an absolute intensity of approximately 4 METs. In relat...

show abstract

Differential Effects of Exercise on Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels Seen With Changes in Body Weight

Cited by 183 publications

References 88 publications

Fatness, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged white men

Fatness, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged white men

Reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein after weight reduction in obese premenopausal women

Exercise as Cardiovascular Therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About