Differential distribution and genetic determination of eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats

Chen, Zixiu; Zhao, Junhong; Yan, Yongjing; Zhang, Lei; Du, Lijie; Liu, Xiang; Cao, Manxiu; Wang, Cangyu; Tang, Yue; Li, Haihong

doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03416-z

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Note that our model was established using the hindpaw of C57BL/6 mice. It is not recommended to generalize it to the forepaws of mice and rats because of the differences in the physiological structure of the volar skin of the forepaw and hindpaw, as well as that between mice and rats [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

et al. 2023

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Background Promoting rapid wound healing with functional recovery of all skin appendages is the main goal of regenerative medicine. So far current methodologies, including the commonly used back excisional wound model (BEWM) and paw skin scald wound model, are focused on assessing the regeneration of either hair follicles (HFs) or sweat glands (SwGs). How to achieve de novo appendage regeneration by synchronized evaluation of HFs, SwGs and sebaceous glands (SeGs) is still challenging. Here, we developed a volar skin excisional wound model (VEWM) that is suitable for examining cutaneous wound healing with multiple-appendage restoration, as well as innervation, providing a new research paradigm for the perfect regeneration of skin wounds. Methods Macroscopic observation, iodine–starch test, morphological staining and qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect the existence of HFs, SwGs, SeGs and distribution of nerve fibres in the volar skin. Wound healing process monitoring, HE/Masson staining, fractal analysis and behavioral response assessment were performed to verify that VEWM could mimic the pathological process and outcomes of human scar formation and sensory function impairment. Results HFs are limited to the inter-footpads. SwGs are densely distributed in the footpads, scattered in the IFPs. The volar skin is richly innervated. The wound area of the VEWM at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after the operation is respectively 89.17% ± 2.52%, 71.72% ± 3.79%, 55.09 % ± 4.94% and 35.74% ± 4.05%, and the final scar area accounts for 47.80% ± 6.22% of the initial wound. While the wound area of BEWM at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after the operation are respectively 61.94% ± 5.34%, 51.26% ± 4.89%, 12.63% ± 2.86% and 6.14% ± 2.84%, and the final scar area accounts for 4.33% ± 2.67% of the initial wound. Fractal analysis of the post-traumatic repair site for VEWM vs human was performed: lacunarity values, 0.040 ± 0.012 vs 0.038 ± 0.014; fractal dimension values, 1.870 ± 0.237 vs 1.903 ± 0.163. Sensory nerve function of normal skin vs post-traumatic repair site was assessed: mechanical threshold, 1.05 ± 0.52 vs 4.90 g ± 0.80; response rate to pinprick, 100% vs 71.67% ± 19.92%, and temperature threshold, 50.34°C ± 3.11°C vs 52.13°C ± 3.54°C. Conclusions VEWM closely reflects the pathological features of human wound healing and can be applied for skin multiple-appendages regeneration and innervation evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

et al. 2023

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“…hiPSCs represent a promising new model. Rodent models are limited in that their eccrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles have differing compositions and densities compared to human morphology [86,87]. hiPSCs can differentiate into skin keratinocytes, fibroblasts, hair follicles and sebaceous glands.…”

Section: Hipsc In Pathology Of the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Hadzimustafic,

D’Elia,

Shamoun

et al. 2024

IJMS

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A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient’s body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.

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Epidermal and dermal cells from adult rat eccrine sweat gland-containing skin can reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of eccrine sweat glands

Wang,

Cao,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Acta Histochemica

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Differential distribution and genetic determination of eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles in the volar skin of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Epidermal and dermal cells from adult rat eccrine sweat gland-containing skin can reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of eccrine sweat glands

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