Differential Bacteriostatic Effects of Sucralose on Various Species of Environmental Bacteria

Omran, Arthur; Baker, Ronald J.; Coughlin, Charles

doi:10.1155/2013/415070

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…SucR is used as an artificial sweetener in foods. SucR is not metabolized in humans and accumulates in the environment because it is not subject to microbial degradation (AlDeeb et al ., ; Omran et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Crude protein extracts were prepared for this purpose, and soluble as well as cell wall‐associated protein fractions were incubated with SucR at 30°C for 24 h, followed by carbohydrate analysis. No changes in the initial SucR concentration were detected (Figure ), in line with the general belief that cells do not contain enzymes that degrade SucR (AlDeeb et al ., ; Omran et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Sugars as hydroxyl radical scavengers: proof‐of‐concept by studying the fate of sucralose in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYSubstantial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inevitable in aerobic life forms. Due to their extremely high reactivity and short lifetime, hydroxyl radicals are a special case, because cells have not developed enzymes to detoxify these most dangerous ROS. Thus, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals may only occur by accumulation of higher levels of simple organic compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated that plant-derived sugars show hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities during Fenton reactions with Fe 2+ and hydrogen peroxide in vitro, leading to formation of less detrimental sugar radicals that may be subject of regeneration to non-radical carbohydrates in vivo. Here, we provide further evidence for the occurrence of such radical reactions with sugars in planta, by following the fate of sucralose, an artificial analog of sucrose, in Arabidopsis tissues. The expected sucralose recombination and degradation products were detected in both normal and stressed plant tissues. Oxidation products of endogenous sugars were also assessed in planta for Arabidopsis and barley, and were shown to increase in abundance relative to the non-oxidized precursor during oxidative stress conditions. We concluded that such non-enzymatic reactions with hydroxyl radicals form an integral part of plant antioxidant mechanisms contributing to cellular ROS homeostasis, and may be more important than generally assumed. This is discussed in relation to the recently proposed roles for Fe 2+ and hydrogen peroxide in processes leading to the origin of metabolism and the origin of life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sugars as hydroxyl radical scavengers: proof‐of‐concept by studying the fate of sucralose in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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“…Recently the gut microbiome has emerged as a factor that could contribute to the biological effects of NAS, in particular sucralose (31) . Early environmental studies revealed a strong bacteriostatic effect of several NAS, including sucralose and saccharine (5,6,31,32) . Wang et al (6) also showed increases in Firmicutes in mice exposed to sucralose.…”

Section: Evidence Of Metabolic Impairments For Non-energy Artificial mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term impact of sucralose consumption on the metabolic response and gut microbiome of healthy adults

et al. 2019

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Sucralose is an artificial non-nutritive sweetener used in foods aimed to reduce sugar and energy intake. While thought to be inert, the impact of sucralose on metabolic control has shown to be the opposite. The gut microbiome has emerged as a factor shaping metabolic responses after sweetener consumption. We examined the short-term effect of sucralose consumption on glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome of healthy male volunteers. We performed a randomised, double-blind study in thirty-four subjects divided into two groups, one that was administered sucralose capsules (780 mg/d for 7 d; n 17) and a control group receiving placebo (n 17). Before and after the intervention, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were assessed with a standard oral glucose load (75 g). Insulin resistance was determined using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda indexes. The gut microbiome was evaluated before and after the intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing. During the study, body weight remained constant in both groups. Glycaemic control and insulin resistance were not affected during the 7-d period. At the phylum level, gut microbiome was not modified in any group. We classified subjects according to their change in insulinaemia after the intervention, to compare the microbiome of responders and non-responders. Independent of consuming sucralose or placebo, individuals with a higher insulinaemic response after the intervention had lower Bacteroidetes and higher Firmicutes abundances. In conclusion, consumption of high doses of sucralose for 7 d does not alter glycaemic control, insulin resistance, or gut microbiome in healthy individuals. However, it highlights the need to address individual responses to sucralose.

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“…Sucralose also inhibits the growth of the oral bacterium Streptococcus spp . [ 17 , 18 ] and various environmental microbes [ 19 , 20 ]. Stevia extract exerts bactericidal effects on E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-nutritive sweeteners possess a bacteriostatic effect and alter gut microbiota in mice

2018

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Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are widely used in various food products and soft drinks. There is growing evidence that NNSs contribute to metabolic dysfunction and can affect body weight, glucose tolerance, appetite, and taste sensitivity. Several NNSs have also been shown to have major impacts on bacterial growth both in vitro and in vivo. Here we studied the effects of various NNSs on the growth of the intestinal bacterium, E. coli, as well as the gut bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the balance between which is associated with gut health. We found that the synthetic sweeteners acesulfame potassium, saccharin and sucralose all exerted strong bacteriostatic effects. We found that rebaudioside A, the active ingredient in the natural NNS stevia, also had similar bacteriostatic properties, and the bacteriostatic effects of NNSs varied among different Escherichia coli strains. In mice fed a chow diet, sucralose increased Firmicutes, and we observed a synergistic effect on Firmicutes when sucralose was provided in the context of a high-fat diet. In summary, our data show that NNSs have direct bacteriostatic effects and can change the intestinal microbiota in vivo.

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Differential Bacteriostatic Effects of Sucralose on Various Species of Environmental Bacteria

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Sugars as hydroxyl radical scavengers: proof‐of‐concept by studying the fate of sucralose in Arabidopsis

Sugars as hydroxyl radical scavengers: proof‐of‐concept by studying the fate of sucralose in Arabidopsis

Short-term impact of sucralose consumption on the metabolic response and gut microbiome of healthy adults

Non-nutritive sweeteners possess a bacteriostatic effect and alter gut microbiota in mice

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