Differential associations between Social Anxiety Disorder, family cohesion, and suicidality across racial/ethnic groups: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent (NCS-A)

Association between Suicide Ideation and Attempts and Being an Immigrant among Adolescents, and the Role of Socioeconomic Factors and School, Behavior, and Health-Related Difficulties

“…While research has showed that certain immigrant groups have a lower risk of suicide behaviors than the majority population [6,7,9], our results agreed with certain studies which have found that immigrant adolescents had a higher risk and that poor family environment, lack of parental support, not living with both parents, substance use, physical and sexual abuse, and poor mental health play strong confounding roles [6,10,11,20,48,49]. Some studies reported that the risk of suicide ideation was higher among adolescents who have family problems or difficulties in relationships with parents [6,8,9,11,48,49]. The children of immigrants often reach a higher level of acculturation and education than their parents, contributing to intergenerational conflict, decreased understanding, and closeness between children and parents [6,50].…”

“…Regarding sexual abuse and physical and verbal violence, research has showed that they generate substance use, stress, depressive, and internalizing symptoms, hopelessness, child adaptation failure, and damage to cognitive development [30,34,57,58] as well as suicide behaviors [2,10,28]. Children who have poor family functioning, family conflicts, or see their peers as hostile have a higher risk of suicide ideation [6,8,9,11,48,49]. So, various difficulties may play concurrent roles over time leading to long lasting mental vulnerability and consequently to SI and SA.…”

Family processes: Risk, protective and treatment factors for youth at risk for suicide

“…In a sample of Latinx students, odds of suicidal ideation were 2.3-8 times higher among students who perceived low levels of connectedness with their families (Garcia et al, 2008). In data from the National Comorbidity study, family cohesion showed a strong association with suicide outcomes across Latina and white girls, with some inconsistent findings for White males (Rapp et al, 2017).…”

The role of empathy and social anxiety in Latinx adolescents' indirect peer aggression during the transition to high school

“…Perhaps due to such cultural differences, past research shows that affective empathy may not have the same implications across cultures (Cassels, Chan, Chung, & Birch, 2010). Additionally, social anxiety may present differently in Latinx adolescents, who report greater social anxiety impairment and severity than non-Latinx adolescents (Rapp, Lau, & Chavira, 2017). This is potentially attributable to family factors; a strong family orientation tends to mitigate mental health problems in Hispanic adolescents, and parenting practices tend to have a decreased impact on their anxiety (Escobar, Nervi, & Gara, 2000).…”