Differential antioxidant protection in tissues from marine mammals with distinct diving capacities. Shallow/short vs. deep/long divers

Cantú‐Medellín, Nadiezhda; Byrd, Barbie L.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Vázquez‐Medina, José Pablo; Zenteno‐Savín, Tania

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.029

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Diving and apnea increase signaling through oxygen-sensing pathways and upregulate antioxidant production and activity (Vázquez-Medina et al 2011d). Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), a relatively short and shallow diving species, and Kogia sp., a deep, long diver, show distinct species-and tissue-specific characteristics of antioxidants and generation of reactive oxygen species that have been linked to their contrasting diving patterns (Cantú -Meddellín et al 2011). Similarly, ringed seal and hooded seal tissues show differences in markers of lipid peroxidation that may reflect differences in their diving habits (Cantú -Meddellín et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Bennett¹,

MacMillan

Hammill

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidants are key cellular defenses against stress. Seals routinely undergo protracted fasting, which is normally associated with physiological stress in other animals. We tested the hypotheses that (1) relative HSP70 protein abundance is higher in liver and blubber of fasting relative to suckling wild gray seal pups; (2) differences in HSP70 are mirrored in tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, as well as glutathione levels; (3) extracellular HSP70 correlates with hepatic and blubber HSP70 abundance; and (4) protein carbonylation, an index of oxidative damage, is lower in tissues with higher levels of these cellular stress markers. In contrast to our expectation, suckling pups had higher relative HSP70 abundance and glutathione levels in liver and blubber and higher hepatic catalase activity. Plasma HSP70 did not correlate with liver or blubber abundance of the protein. Suckling pups did not experience greater protein carbonylation, suggesting that cellular protective mechanisms prevent protein damage despite an apparent increase in cellular stress. SOD activity was not affected by nutritional state, but in blubber tissue, it was positively correlated with blubber thickness. Greater requirements for antioxidants and HSPs in suckling pups or in animals with thicker blubber could arise from rapid protein synthesis, high metabolic fuel availability, and/or exposure to lipophilic toxins. Developmental and nutritional changes in cellular defenses have important implications for gray seals' susceptibility to additional stress exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Bennett¹,

MacMillan

Hammill

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Key adaptations that make these animals capable of such prolonged dives include: (1) an increased O 2 storage capacity in blood and muscle that makes it possible to rely largely on aerobic metabolism during normal diving (i.e. within the aerobic dive limit, defined as the dive duration beyond which lactate is produced) (Butler and Jones, 1997;Kooyman and Ponganis, 1998) and (2) a greater defense against oxidative stress as a result of increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at reoxygenation (Cantú-Medellín et al, 2011;Bickler and Buck, 2007). However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms basic to the diving physiology of these elusive animals is still limited because of the difficulty of obtaining biological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional properties of myoglobins from five whale species with different diving capacities

Helbo

Fago

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWhales show an exceptionally wide range of diving capabilities and many express high amounts of the O 2 carrier protein myoglobin (Mb) in their muscle tissues, which increases their aerobic diving capacity. Although previous studies have mainly focused on the muscle Mb concentration and O 2 carrying capacity as markers of diving behavior in whales, it still remains unexplored whether whale Mbs differ in their O 2 affinities and nitrite reductase and peroxidase enzymatic activities, all functions that could contribute to differences in diving capacities. In this study, we have measured the functional properties of purified Mbs from five toothed whales and two baleen whales and have examined their correlation with average dive duration. Results showed that some variation in functional properties exists among whale Mbs, with toothed whale Mbs having higher O 2 affinities and nitrite reductase activities (similar to those of horse Mb) compared with baleen whale Mbs. However, these differences did not correlate with average dive duration. Instead, a significant correlation was found between whale Mb concentration and average duration and depth of dives, and between O 2 affinity and nitrite reductase activity when including horse Mb. Despite the fact that the functional properties showed little species-specific differences in vitro, they may still contribute to enhancing diving capacity as a result of the increased muscle Mb concentration found in extreme divers. In conclusion, Mb concentration rather than specific functional reactivities may support whale diving performance.

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“…Studies on the patterns of diving among seals have shown the extreme diving depth of the elephant seal to be about 1000 m, while the ringed seal can dive to 100 m (DeLong and Stewart 1991; Lydersen 2014). As the target gene of HIF, the activity of the superoxide dismutases Cu, Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD was significantly higher in tissues of the elephant seal than in the ringed seal (Vázquez-Medina et al 2006Cantu-Medellin et al 2011). Therefore, we hypothesize that the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α is enhanced in vivo in long-duration compared with short-duration divers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha gene in the sperm whale, beluga whale, and Yangtze finless porpoise

Zheng

et al. 2015

Mar Biol

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Differential antioxidant protection in tissues from marine mammals with distinct diving capacities. Shallow/short vs. deep/long divers

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

HSP70 Abundance and Antioxidant Capacity in Feeding and Fasting Gray Seal Pups: Suckling Is Associated with Higher Levels of Key Cellular Defenses

Functional properties of myoglobins from five whale species with different diving capacities

Characterization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha gene in the sperm whale, beluga whale, and Yangtze finless porpoise

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