Differential analysis of FA-NNC, PCA-MLR, and PMF methods applied in source apportionment of PAHs in street dust

Feng, Jiashen; Song, Ningning; Yu, Yanxin; Li, Yingxia

doi:10.1007/s10661-020-08679-3

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Phenanthrene, Ant and Flu are found in emissions from coal and natural gas combustion. In addition, Nap and Flu occur in unburned liquid fossil fuels and lubricating oils (De Souza & Corre ˆa, 2016;Dreij et al, 2020;Feng et al, 2020). Due to their physico-chemical properties, they tend to remain in the gas phase, allowing them to travel to farther distances (Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cluster Analysis (Ca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenanthrene and Ant are typically considered to be products of coal/biomass combustion, while LMW PAHs can contribute up to 70% to total PAHs in coal combustion particulate matter. Several studies found that coal combustion was the main source of 2-4-ring PAHs, such as Phe, Ant, Flu, Flt, Pyr, Chr and BaA, with high contributions from Phe (Kr ˇu ˚mal et al, 2019;Dreij et al, 2020;Feng et al, 2020). On the other hand, biomass combustion can produce five-ring PAHs, e.g.…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorisation (Pmf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils at traffic light intersections (Bratislava, Slovakia): concentrations, sources and influencing factors

Pilková

Hiller

Filová

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Section: Cluster Analysis (Ca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Positive Matrix Factorisation (Pmf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils at traffic light intersections (Bratislava, Slovakia): concentrations, sources and influencing factors

Pilková

Hiller

Filová

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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“…PAHs can be formed by multiple anthropogenic activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, or they can be formed naturally in the environment by oil seeps and plant debris and forest and prairie fires. Some methods have been established in order to identify PAH sources: for example, molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs), the principal component analysis (PCA) method [37,40], the chemical material balance (CMB) model [41], the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and stable carbon isotopic ratios analysis [42]. In this study, MDRs and PMF were used to identify the major sources and to obtain a reliable conclusion.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmosphere 2021, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 15 component analysis (PCA) method [37,40], the chemical material balance (CMB) model [41], the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and stable carbon isotopic ratios analysis [42]. In this study, MDRs and PMF were used to identify the major sources and to obtain a reliable conclusion.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Media Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Lake Chaohu, the Fifth Largest Fresh Water Lake in China: Residual Levels, Sources and Carcinogenic Risk

Qin

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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The residual levels of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment media and freshwater fish were collected and measured from Lake Chaohu by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potential atmospheric sources were identified by molecular diagnostic ratios and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. PAH exposure doses through inhalation, intake of water and freshwater fish ingestion were estimated by the assessment model recommended by US EPA. The carcinogenic risks of PAH exposure were evaluated by probabilistic risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation. The following results were obtained: (1) The PAH16 levels in gaseous, particulate phase, water and fish muscles were 59.4 ng·m−3, 14.2 ng·m−3, 170 ng·L−1 and 114 ng·g−1, respectively. No significant urban-rural difference was found between two sampling sites except gaseous BaPeq. The relationship between gaseous PAHs and PAH in water was detected by the application of Spearman correlation analysis. (2) Three potential sources were identified by the PMF model. The sources from biomass combustions, coal combustion and vehicle emission accounted for 43.6%, 30.6% and 25.8% of the total PAHs, respectively. (3) Fish intake has the highest lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of 3.01 × 10−6 mg·kg−1·d−1, followed by the particle inhalation with LADD of 2.94 × 10−6 mg·kg−1·d−1. (4) As a result of probabilistic cancer risk assessment, the median ILCRs were 3.1 × 10−5 to 3.3 × 10−5 in urban and rural residents, which were lower than the suggested serious level but higher than the acceptable level. In summary, the result suggests that potential carcinogenic risk exists among residents around Lake Chaohu. Fish ingestion and inhalation are two major PAH exposure pathways.

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“…Further, the receptor model is subjective in the identification of pollution sources [ 23 ], and it regards the pollutant propagation process as a linear process [ 29 ]. Therefore, it ignores important information contained in spatial correlation between environmental samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment and Geographic Distribution of Heavy Metals and as in Soils and Vegetables Using Kriging Interpolation and Positive Matrix Factorization Analysis

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Food security and cultivated land utilization can be seriously affected by heavy metal (HM) pollution of the soil. Therefore, identifying the pollution sources of farmland is the way to control soil pollution and enhance soil quality effectively. In this research, 95 surface soil samples, 34 vegetable samples, 27 irrigation water samples, and 20 fertilizer samples were collected from the Wuqing District of Tianjin City, China and was used to determine their HMs accumulation and potential ecological risks. Then, kriging interpolation and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were utilized to identify the sources of soil HMs. The results indicated that soil HMs in the study area were contaminated at a medium level, but that the pollution of Cd was more severe, and the Cd content in vegetables was slightly higher than the permissible threshold (0.02 mg·kg−1). Furthermore, a non-homogeneous distribution was observed, with higher concentrations of HM contaminants concentrated in the southwest of the study area, where many metal manufacturing industries are located. Our results suggest that the Cd originated from industrial activity; As and Pb from agricultural practices; Ni, Cu, Cr, and As mainly from natural sources; Zn and Cu from organic fertilizer; Pb and Cd mainly from traffic discharge; and Cr, Ni, and Pb from sewage irrigation. Obviously, the accumulation of soil HMs in the study area could be mainly attributed to industrial activities, implying the need for implementation of government strategies to reduce industrial point-source pollution.

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Differential analysis of FA-NNC, PCA-MLR, and PMF methods applied in source apportionment of PAHs in street dust

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils at traffic light intersections (Bratislava, Slovakia): concentrations, sources and influencing factors

Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils at traffic light intersections (Bratislava, Slovakia): concentrations, sources and influencing factors

Multi-Media Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Lake Chaohu, the Fifth Largest Fresh Water Lake in China: Residual Levels, Sources and Carcinogenic Risk

Source Apportionment and Geographic Distribution of Heavy Metals and as in Soils and Vegetables Using Kriging Interpolation and Positive Matrix Factorization Analysis

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