Differential Adaptation of Human Gut Microbiota to Bariatric Surgery–Induced Weight Loss

Furet, Jean-Pierre; Kong, Lingchun; Tap, Julien; Poitou, Christine; Basdevant, Arnaud; Bouillot, Jean‐Luc; Mariat, Denis; Corthier, Gérard; Doré, Joël; Hénégar, Corneliu; Rizkalla, Salwa W.; Clément, Karine

doi:10.2337/db10-0253

Cited by 1,046 publications

(904 citation statements)

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“…The relationship between bacterial populations and obesity parameters was illustrated by the decreased proportions of Bacteroides/Prevotella in obesity and their rapid increase in proportions after surgery. 71 This is in agreement with the studies showing a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes in less obese subjects compared with lean ones (original articles reviewed in Cani and Delzenne 72 ). Correlation studies using statistical models provide additional information showing that these populations of bacteria were strongly associated with body composition and metabolic parameters.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Change After Surgery-induced Weight Losssupporting

confidence: 90%

Bariatric surgery, adipose tissue and gut microbiota

Clément

2011

Int J Obes

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Human obesity can be viewed as a set of phenotypes that evolve over time in a sequence of stages that need to be precisely measured. Environmental, behavioral, genetic and biological factors interact to cause obesity. This presentation provides a clinical viewpoint on some biological processes that may explain some of the stages in the development of human obesity, its chronic maintenance and occurrence of complications, with a focus on brain structures, genetics, the profound alterations in adipose tissue biology and gut microbiota components. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is an increasingly effective model to study in this context because it leads to major improvements in glucose and lipid homeostasis and to the amelioration of some systemic inflammatory markers. International Journal of Obesity (2011) 35, S7-S15; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.141Keywords: human obesity; adipose organ; inflammation; environment; gut microbiota Rapid progression of human obesity: multiple environmental factorsAlthough France is frequently considered as a country protected from obesity, the prevalence of obesity has nevertheless increased, as in many developed countries. Obesity in France is estimated to occur in 14.5% of the population aged over 15 years, and rose by 5-10% between the 1990s and 2000s (OBEPI study, 2009) Genetic factors barely explain the significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. Social and economic factors such as academic achievement, job title and income correlate with obesity epidemics. Eating habits are crucial, and numerous factors drive increased individual food intake, including availability and palatability of foods, visual and olfactory cues, conviviality, cultural attitudes, work-related eating habits and eating disorders. As in many countries, energy density of available foods and serving sizes influence the risk of obesity. 1 Although physical activity-related energy expenditure is increased in obese compared with lean subjects, the level of physical activity is classically lower in obese compared with lean subjects, and low physical activity levelFand increased sedentary behaviorFis associated with weight gain. On the other hand, increased body weight and obesity result in decreased physical activity, and therefore a complex and circular relationship occurs. 2 We are now in uncharted territory, our traditional model for eating is not relevant to modern lifestyles, and the profound changes in eating habits are not conducive to appropriate nutrition. As a result of changes in clothing, heating and means of transportation, we expend less energy than in past years; there is a decrease in the need for manual work and efforts to obtain food. Increased television-viewing time is usually associated with greater intake of energy-dense high-fat foods. Reduced sleep duration has been associated with obesity. 3 The discovery of a negative association between brown adipose tissue amount and outdoor temperature raises the question of a link between global warming and the worldwide progression of obesity. Alth...

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Section: Gut Microbiota Change After Surgery-induced Weight Losssupporting

confidence: 90%

Bariatric surgery, adipose tissue and gut microbiota

Clément

2011

Int J Obes

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“…All experiments were approved by the Veterinary Office of the Canton Zurich, Switzerland. All rats were given one week of acclimatization before being randomized to RYGB (n= 8) or sham-operation (n= 8). After surgery, rats received Ensure (chocolate Ensure Plus, Abbott Nutrition, Baar, Switzerland) for 3 days before access to normal chow was reinstalled.…”

Section: Subjects and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut microbiota analysis of fecal samples from humans and rats after RYGB suggested that the reduction of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes may partly explain the weight loss and beneficial effects on metabolism and inflammation associated with the RYGB surgery [7][8][9]. Liou [10] et al confirmed these findings and also showed that cecal transplants from mice after RYGB to unoperated germ free mice decreased body weight and adiposity compared to recipients of microbiota from sham-operated mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Osto

Abegg

Bueter

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of the small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotic treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. Abstract: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. 1 Title pageTitle: Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine. Running head:Bariatric surgery alters gut microbiota. Authors:MELANIA AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery.

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“…Although the mechanisms of action of surgical weight loss procedures have been simplifi ed into restrictive and malabsorptive, the alterations in bowel anatomy and physiology that occur following certain operations such as the RYGB have been demonstrated to cause changes to the gut microbiota that may have relevance for energy harvest and storage postoperatively ( 11,43 ). Zhang et al ( 11 ) detected signifi cantly higher numbers of H 2 -utilizing methanogenic Archaea in obese individuals than in normal-weight or RYGB individuals.…”

confidence: 99%