Differentation ofBrucella abortusandYersinia enterocoliticaserotype 09 infections in cattle: The use of specific lymphocyte transformation and brucellin skin tests

Abstract

SUMMARY The lymphocyte transformation test (using an in vitro whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation procedure) and the Brucellin skin test were applied to five heifers infected with virulent Brucella abortus strain 544, five cows inoculated with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 09, and four non-exposed cows. Lymphocytes from Brucella-inoculated animals persistently gave very high blastogenic reactions indicative of active Brucella infection. The test was persistently negative in Yersinia-infected and non-exposed cattle. Four of the five cowsinfected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 and all four control cattle were persistently negative to th delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction with brucellin. All cattle infected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 were strongly positive to the Rose Bengal, Serum agglutination, Complement fixation and Antibovine globulin tests using Brucella abortus antigens. One lactating cow infected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 was positive to Brucella milk ring test. These results indicate that standard Brucella serological tests are unreliable in differentiating the two infections in cattle and that both the Lymphocyte transformation and brucellin skin tests could be used to differentiate bovine brucellosis from yersiniosis.

Diagnostic performance of serological tests for swine brucellosis in the presence of false positive serological reactions

“…At least in ruminants, Brucella outer membrane proteins are of no diagnostic usefulness (Kittelberger et al, 1995;Weynants et al, 1996;Corrente et al, 2004) but soluble proteins elicit antibodies in a proportion of infected ruminants and humans (Díaz et al, 1976;Chukwu, 1987;Baldi et al, 1996;Cloeckaert et al, 2001). A latex agglutination assay with S-LPS has been tested for human brucellosis (Abdoel and Smits, 2007), and similar assays with crude extracts of R Brucella (Watarai et al, 2007) or recombinant outer membrane proteins (Lim et al, 2012) have been evaluated in dogs and cattle, respectively.…”

“…Since Brucella proteins do not cross-react with those of bacteria potentially involved in FPSR (Díaz, 1974;Riber and Jungersen, 2007) and evoke cellular and antibody mediated immunoresponses (Chukwu, 1987;Baldi et al, 1996;Weynants et al, 1996), protein based immunoassays could solve the FPSR problem. In fact, the best strategy available in cattle and pigs is the skin test with S-LPS-free Brucella proteins (Pouillot et al, 1997;Saegerman et al, 1999;Olsen et al, 2012;EFSA, 2009;Dieste-Pérez et al, 2014).…”

Efficacy of Several Serological Tests and Antigens for Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis in the Presence of False-Positive Serological Results Due to Yersinia enterocolitica O:9

“…The enterobacterial common antigen (40), Y. enterocolitica flagellar antigens (40), and outer membrane proteins (30,36,68) have been found to be of little usefulness, and the existence of dual infections by Y. enterocolitica O:9 and B. abortus (36,42) further reduces the value of Y. enterocolitica-specific antigens. On the other hand, the immunoresponse to Brucella proteins is highly specific (7, 8, 10-12, 13-15, 17, 18, 20, 30, 35), and on the basis of present evidence, the best available strategy to solve the FPSR problem is the use of a skin test with Brucella-soluble proteins (brucellin) (8,11,12,52,30). This test is officially recommended in the European Union to discriminate FPSR in areas where vaccination has been discontinued.…”

Production of Brucella Allergens and Evaluation of their Biological Activity in a Guinea‐pig Bio‐assay

“…Nevertheless, researchers have found the SDTH test to be a useful addition to serological tests for the detection of cattle brucellosis. The test detects brucellosis earlier than serological tests, and differentiates between brucellosis and infections with Yersiniu enterocolzticu O :9 (CUNNINGHAM et al, 1980;FENSTER-BANK, 1984;CHUKWU, 1987).…”